论网格技术及其与空间信息技术的集成

对网格的概念、技术优势和应用等作了简单介绍,对网格的由来、虚拟化思想的进化历程、网格与当前的WWW技术的关系、网格体系结构的演化以及网格技术发展的趋势等内容进行了重点的剖析,并简要论述了网格技术与空间信息技术的集成。     

A multidisciplinary multi-scale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of vital services for people and society, such as food, fibre, water resources, carbon sequestration, and recreation. The future capability of ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in socio-economic factors, land use, atmospheric composition, and climate. Most impact assessments do not quantify the vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services under such environmental change. They cannot answer important policy-relevant questions such as 'Which are the main regions or sectors that are most vulnerable to global change?’ 'How do the vulnerabilities of two regions compare?’ 'Which scenario is the least harmful for a sector?’This paper describes a new approach to vulnerability assessment developed by the Advanced Terrestrial Ecosystem Analysis and Modelling (ATEAM) project. Different ecosystem models, covering biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, and carbon sequestration are fed with the same Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Each model gives insights into specific ecosystems, as in traditional impact assessments. Moreover, by integrating the results in a vulnerability assessment, the policy-relevant questions listed above can also be addressed. A statistically derived European environmental stratification forms a key element in the vulnerability assessment. By linking it to other quantitative environmental stratifications, comparisons can be made using data from different assessments and spatial scales.     

基于多协议的地理信息服务集成

设计了多协议地理信息服务集成框架,探讨解决了其中的关键问题,实现了从不同地理信息服务获取的影像数据、矢量数据和DEM数据的无缝集成。     

LBS在智能交通系统中的应用及构架研究

基于位置的信息服务(LBS)在正确的时间和地点,向正确的人群提供正确的位置信息,因而在智能交通系统中有着广泛的应用,其应用领域涉及车辆的导航、跟踪、监控、调度与安全,事件响应,信息获取与定制,进入区域提示,按位置收费等.从系统集成的角度,以LBS为核心来构建智能交通系统是一个先进而且经济的选择,该解决方案是一种以分布式、可互操作、使用标准的Internet和无线通讯网络协议为基础建立起来的架构,由客户层、中间件层、应用服务层和数据访问层组成.客户层是融无线通信、计算机、无线定位于一体的个人信息终端;中间件层提供一组与第三方无线定位系统集成的APIs,它支持与多种定位技术的连接;应用服务层由ITS的子系统和空间服务器组成,提供地图生成、邻近查找、地理编码、路径规划、身份认证、收费等服务;数据访问层为ITS存储和管理各种空间信息、交通信息和车辆信息.     

对空间数据不确定性研究的思考

对GIS中空间数据不确定性研究中存在的问题进行思考后提出了5点建议.主要包括:1) 要区分GIS中确定性目标和不确定性目标;2) 要区分用离散点逼近曲线/曲面的逼近误差和离散点自身量测误差及其传播;3) 要研究GIS中的几何不确定性,更要重视研究属性和时态不确定性;4) 要研究空间数据质量,更要研究空间信息服务的质量;5) 空间数据不确定性研究要努力向实际应用转化.     

基于Web的地图符号设计与实现

地图符号化是当前数字地图研究的重要内容之一。着重论述了Web环境下地图符号的构成特征、地图符号的组织及符号配置,以及符号库的基本传输方法,最后给出具体实例,说明了该实践的有效性与可行性。     

Implementation of OGC web map service based on web service

OGC Web Map Service is one kind of OGC Portrayal Services belongs to OGC Web Service model and it provides multi-platform interoperability of spatial data set. This paper presents a method for implementing OGC Web Map Service based on Web Service technique and introduces the detailed process.     

多重加密格网内插法坐标转换

我国CGCS2000坐标系启用后,各地均面临着大批量、多类型、多坐标系成果数据坐标转换的需求,而国家大地坐标系、地心坐标系及独立坐标系之间的转换参数属于绝密级别,保密要求高,因此给实际应用带来了困难。顾及与参数法坐标转换成果的一致性及数据的安全要求,本文提出了多重加密格网内插坐标转换方法,研制了适用于多种数据格式的二/三维格网坐标转换软件,并将该算法应用于CORS服务,通过实例验证了该方法的可靠性与实用性。     

自然资源一体化政务服务系统及数据融合建设——以南京为例

自然资源部制定的信息化建设总体方案中,要求构建“互联网+自然资源政务服务”应用体系,实现“服务事项标准统一、整体联动、业务协同,自然资源政务服务和共享开放能力全面提高”。一体化政务服务系统作为政务服务应用体系的重点建设内容,也是落实自然资源管理“两统一”职责的重要支撑,如何整合各类数据资源、发挥系统作用,成为亟待研究的问题。本文在分析自然资源业务管理需求后,提出了一体化政务服务系统及数据融合的建设思路。     

Integration of remote sensing,county-level census,and machine learning for century-long regional cropland distribution data reconstruction

The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) was home to about ten million hectare bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests in the Southern U.S. It experienced over 80 % area loss of the BLH forests in the past centuries and large-scale afforestation in recent decades. Due to the lack of a high-resolution cropland dataset, impacts of land use change (LUC) on the LMAV ecosystem services have not been fully understood. In this study, we developed a novel framework by integrating the machine learning algorithm, county-level agricultural census, and satellite-based cropland products to reconstruct the LMAV cropland distribution during 1850–2018 at a 30-m resolution. Results showed that the LMAV cropland area increased from 0.78 × 10⁴ km² in 1850 to 6.64 × 10⁴ km² in 1980 and then decreased to 6.16 × 10⁴ km² in 2018. Cropland expansion rate was the largest in the 1960s (749 km² yr⁻¹) but decreased rapidly thereafter, whereas cropland abandonment rate increased substantially in recent decades with the largest rate of 514 km² yr⁻¹ in the 2010s. Our dataset has three notable features: (1) the depiction of fine spatial details, (2) the integration of the county-level census, and (3) the inclusion of a machine-learning algorithm trained by satellite-based land cover product. Most importantly, our dataset well captured the continuous increasing trend in cropland area from 1930–1960, which was misrepresented by other cropland datasets reconstructed from the state-level census. Our dataset would be important to accurately evaluate the impacts of historical deforestation and recent afforestation efforts on regional ecosystem services, attribute the observed hydrological changes to anthropogenic and natural driving factors, and investigate how the socioeconomic factors control regional LUC pattern. Our framework and dataset are crucial to developing managerial and policy strategies for conserving natural resources and enhancing ecosystem services in the LMAV.