松辽盆地徐家围子断陷火山岩气藏天然气成因类型和气源对比

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷发育营城组火山岩气藏.钻井统计、地球化学特征及天然气组份分析和碳同位素研究表明徐中和徐东地区天然气源岩有机质偏腐泥型,生气潜力更大.对主力源岩层沙河子组和次要源岩层营城组源岩分布有了新的认识.对营城组天然气的烃类气体和CO₂气的来源进行对比和探讨,认为烃类气受气源的控制,CO₂气藏受深大断裂的控制,与火山岩分布关系不大.连通地幔的气藏中,也没有发现无机烃类气体聚集.徐家围子断陷营城组天然气以烃类气占绝对优势,而且主要为甲烷,二氧化碳成藏并不普遍.天然气甲烷成因类型以煤型气为主,甲烷碳同位素变化范围较小.乙烷、丙烷和丁烷碳同位素均有较大的变化范围,而且具有较好的相关性,说明母质类型多样,乙烷、丙烷和丁烷具有相同的来源.含量大于50%的二氧化碳来源于地幔,属无机成因.含量小于50%的二氧化碳既有无机成因,也有有机成因.     

2021年3—5月全球火山活动简报

正1)吉林省地震局,长春1301172)中国地震局火山研究所,长春130117     

浅基岩埋深条件下多年冻土的瞬变电磁法探测研究

瞬变电磁法（TEM）在青藏高原、东北等地区的多年冻土调查中取得了较好的应用效果,但局限于松散沉积层较厚情形,在基岩埋深较浅条件下探测多年冻土基本处于空白。兰州马衔山多年冻土具有分布范围小、温度高、基岩埋深浅的特点,是应用TEM探测浅基岩埋藏条件下多年冻土分布的理想地区。以马衔山多年冻土为主要研究对象,以季节冻土为对照研究了瞬变电磁响应特征,结合区域构造特征、地层露头、钻孔岩心、地温监测数据等信息,论证并探讨了TEM应用于浅基岩埋深时对多年冻土的探测效果。结果表明：马衔山多年冻土分布受构造断裂形成的低阻带控制,下部为负温岩层,实际分布面积为0.11 km²;TEM应用于浅基岩埋深的多年冻土勘探时更多的对地下岩层做出响应,可结合地质、地貌、水文、植被等信息,利用多年冻土的特点和电阻率的变化情况来判断多年冻土的分布范围;当基岩埋深特别浅时可以与探地雷达、钻孔等其他手段联合反演,从而准确地识别多年冻土与下伏基岩。     

春风油田石炭系火山岩油气层综合判识研究

火山岩油气藏是一种特殊类型油气藏,受岩性、岩相、储集空间类型等因素影响较大。常规测井仅能对储层进行评价,录井仅能对岩性及油气显示进行评价。利用测录井资料无法快速判识油气层现状,制约了现场完井方式及试油方案的及时决策,并影响钻井周期、成本及对区块的潜力评价。通过岩心描述、镜下薄片储集空间及含油性观察,结合测井解释和试油结果,总结了春风油田石炭系火山岩油藏岩石类型及含油性特征;火山岩储集空间类型、影响因素、识别方法及物性有效性;孔隙、裂缝等储集空间有效性电性识别方法;建立了春风油田石炭系油气层综合判识准则。本次研究可快速对该区石炭系完钻探井进行油气层综合判识,指导现场完井方式决策,提高勘探效益。     

Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton,central China:Implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group are situated in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Research on the Xiong er Group is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the NCC and the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic.In this study,to constrain the age of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks and identify its tectonic environment,we report zircon LA-ICP-MS data with Hf isotope,whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group.The Xiong'er volcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite,andesite.dacite and rhyolite,with minor basalt.Our new sets of data combined with those from previous studies indicate that Xiong'er volcanism should have lasted from 1827 Ma to 1746 Ma as the major phase of the volcanism.These volcanics have extremely low MgO.Cr and Ni contents,are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti),similar to arc-related volcanic rocks.They are characterized by negative zircon ε_(Hf)_(t) values of-17.4 to 8.8,whole-rock initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of 0.7023 to 0.7177 andε_(Nd)(t) values of-10.9 to 6.4.and Pb isotopes(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb =14.366-16.431,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.106-15.371,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 32.455-37.422).The available elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data suggest that the Xiong'er volcanic rocks were sourced from a mantle contaminated by continental crust.The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group might have been generated by high-degree partial melting of a lithospheric mantle that was originally modified by oceanic subduction in the Archean.Thus,we suggest that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle occurred in an extensional setting during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the Late Paleoproterozoic,rather than in an arc setting.     

基岩地区地源热泵系统浅层地热地质条件评估工作方法

在北京地区建设地源热泵系统之前,需要开展浅层地热地质条件评估,以作为政府部门为地源热泵系统立酉备案的必要的技术文件,是一项专业前期可行性研究工作。其评估工作方法和内容,在基岩地区和第四系松散沉积区应有很大的不同。在基岩地区应倜重于野外实地调查,包括填制工作区地质图、工作区岩石特征,岩石完整性调查和水井普测等;并通过充分的资料收集和必要的勘查手段,查明工作区地层、岩石、构造等地质条件,特别是划分构造带、构造影响带范围,进而判断换热孔钻遇地层的可钻性和换热能力,进行相关技术和经济分析及评价。     

华北地台本溪组,太原组火山事件沉积特征及时空分布规律

作者对华北地台24个煤田及煤矿区进行了详细的研究,在本溪组及太原组中共发现6期12次火山事件层。这些火山事件沉积遍及全区,主要为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩及凝灰质沉积岩,它们在时空分布上有一定规律。火山碎屑可能来自华北地台以北及以南若干不同的火山源,而岩浆可能来自下地壳。      

太平洋CC区构造特征与多金属结核成矿条件研究

1994年4－11月,国家海洋局组织和实施了DY85－4航次中国开辟区（太平洋CC区）多金属结核（下简称结核）勘探,海上勘查历时225d,勘查面积达65×103km2,其中,用重力、磁力和单道地震等方法对测区进行了地球物理调查。结果表明,火山和浅层侵入体是提供给核生成的重要物质来源。区域性的沉积间断是造成结核丰度偏高的重要因素。断块活动强烈的地区,断裂活动有利于金属元素在海底的富集。不同时代形成的海底,地幔原岩在成分上的差异或在洋壳形成过程中构造活动的差异,对结核的形成有着一定的控制因素。而上述地质构造活动,在地球物理特征上都有着明显的反映。由此可见,地球物理特征与结核的形成和富集规律有着明显的相关关系。     

Stress Field Estimations for Colima Volcano, Mexico, Based on Seismic Data

 For first time, during 1991, seismic activity was recorded during an eruption at Colima volcano. We analyze these data to obtain a stress pattern using a composite focal mechanism technique. From the analysis of regional seismicity, the Tamazula Fault and the Armeria River appear as active features and the dip of the slab east of the Jalisco Block is approximately 12°. Southwest of Colima volcano a vertical alignment of seismic events was observed. We estimate five different composite focal mechanism solutions from our data set, which indicate a change of the stress field at the volcano after the 1991 eruption. These solutions suggest that the stress field in the volcanic edifice was controlled by stresses related to the emplacement of magma superimposed on the regional stress field. No evidence of active local faults in the volcanic edifice was found. We propose a model for the eruptive process that involves tilting of the volcanic edifice. Received: 15 October 1995 / Accepted: 26 October 1998     

白银小铁山矿区含矿岩系中的糜棱岩类

白银小铁山矿区含矿岩系,前人定为细碧角斑岩系。其中含矿的直接围岩为石英角斑质凝灰岩（π３）,经我们研究,该含矿围岩应是分布在韧性剪切带中的一套糜棱岩类,具有明显的变形特征,其原岩为早中寒武世酸性火山岩类。