Creeping in? Neoliberalism,indigenous realities and tropical rock lobster (kaiar) management in Torres Strait,Australia

This article examines current neoliberal forces in the Torres Strait tropical rock lobster (TRL) fishery and their likely impacts on the lives of indigenous Islanders. It describes how neoliberal principles of market governance, commodification of natural resources, profit maximization, individualization and property rights are at odds with Islander rights, values, sense of place, and institutions of knowledge, tenure and practice. It argues that proposed fisheries measures based on neoliberal imperatives could cause important conflicts and create high social, political, and economic costs. The TRL fishery is integral to Islanders’ aspiration of self-determination and economic autonomy. A more holistic vision inclusive of Islander perspectives is necessary if management of the TRL fishery is to be truly socially and culturally appropriate.     

以各形态磷存量研究上升流水体老化变性指标

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场上升流区研究(1987年12月至1988年11月)及台湾海峡上升流区研究(1987年7月至1988年7月)结果表明,各种形态磷含量变化对上升流生态系具有重要作用.因此,提出以涌升水体中有机、颗粒形态磷和溶解无机态磷的相对比率来表示上升流水体的老化程度,即上升流水体老化指标(AIU)为(DOP+PP)与(DIP＋DOP＋PP)之比值.研究资料表明AIU这一表达式对于上述两上升流区是合适的,海域AIU的季节性变化与其近岸上升流的消长变化规律相一致.AIU较小的区域,其水体为新涌升水,与上升流中心位置相吻合.     

Preliminary study on nanodiatom in the Taiwan Strait

INTRODUCTIONNanophytoplanktonhasbecomeanewresearchfieldsincethe1980s.Amongthis,nanodiatom(<20pm)isthemajorflora.ItisthefoodforaqUaticanimalsandtheimPOrtantlinkoffoodchain.NanodiatomisanimPOrtantoceanicprimaryproducer(WeberandEI-Sayed,1987;Gao,1990;ChenandQian,1992;Chengetal.,1993).Manyscholarshavedonealotoftaxonomicandecologicalworkonnanodiatom.InChina,monographswerepublishedbyProfessorT.G.Chin(JinDe-clang)(1965,1982and1992),butthoseworksfocusedonmorphologicalandecologicalcharact…     

Effective communication tools to engage Torres Strait Islanders in scientific research

Often, research activities in Torres Strait have not delivered full benefit to Torres Strait Islanders due to a lack of consultation, ineffectual communication of research information and lack of empathy for the needs of Islander communities. As for other stakeholder groups, integration of Islanders into the research process through practical involvement in research may overcome these problems. Three case studies from research projects conducted in Torres Strait are discussed to highlight a variety of communication and engagement activities carried out by non-Indigenous researchers. How these communication and extension activities facilitate collaboration between Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous researchers provides insight in the importance of these activities to the relative success of research projects.     

The potential impact of bedform migration on seagrass communities in Torres Strait,northern Australia

Seagrass communities in the northwest of Torres Strait are known to disappear episodically over broad areas. Sediment mobility surveys were undertaken within two study areas during the monsoon and trade wind seasons, in the vicinity of Turnagain Island, to find out if the migration of bedforms could explain this disappearance. The two study areas covered sand bank and sand dune environments to compare and contrast their migration characteristics. Repeat multibeam sonar surveys were used to measure dune-crest migration during each season.     

Form drag is a major component of bed shear stress associated with tidal flow in the vicinity of an isolated sand bank,Torres Strait,northern Australia

Tidal current and elevation data were collected from five oceanographic moorings during October 2004 in Torres Strait, northern Australia, to assess the effects of large bedforms (i.e., sand banks) on the drag coefficient (C_D) used for estimating bed shear stress in complex shallow shelf environments. Ten minute averages of tidal current speed and elevation data were collected for 18 days at an on-bank site (<7 m water depth) and an off-bank site (<10 m). These data were compared to data collected simultaneously from two shelf locations (<11 m) occupied to measure regional tidal behaviour. Overall C_D estimates at the on- and off-bank sites attained 7.0±0.1×10⁻³ and 6.6±0.1×10⁻³, respectively. On-bank C_D estimates also differed between the predominant east–west tidal streams, with easterly directed flows experiencing C_D=7.8±0.18×10⁻³ and westerly directed flows C_D=6.4±0.12×10⁻³. Statistically significant differences between the off-bank and on-bank sites are attributed to the large form drag exerted by the sand banks on the regional tidal currents, and statistically significant differences between the westward and eastward flows is ascribed to bedform asymmetry. Form drag from the large bedforms in Torres Strait comprises up to 65% of the total drag coefficient. When constructing sediment transport models, different C_D estimates must therefore be applied to shelf regions containing steep bedforms compared to regions that do not. Our results extend the limited inventory of seabed drag coefficients for shallow shelf environments, and can be used to improve existing regional seabed mobilisation models, which have direct application to environmental management in Torres Strait.     

台湾海峡7.3级地震余震活动的月相效应

利用福建地震月报目录,对1994年 9月16日台湾海峡南部M_S 7.3地震的余震活动月一定震级以上的频次进行统计的结果表明,台湾海峡余震活动在一个朔相效应进行了研究。对望月内的变化是有起伏的,起伏明显地受月相的调制,起伏的变化在朔、望、上下弦附近出现相对极值,并且频次起伏的幅度可达地震活动平均频次的80%以上,从而证明了余震活动的月相效应是明显存在的,其影响是不可忽略的。另外,通过对月相效应的谐波分析还表明,余震月相效应的基本特征是具有1/4月波和半月波的周期性。研究余震活动的月相效应对强余震的预报 及其区域应力场的变化有一定的科学意义和实用价值。     

SWAN模型在设计波浪要素计算中的应用研究

采用SWAN(Simulating Waves Nearshore)模型搭建了覆盖整个台湾海峡和台湾岛东部部分海域的波浪模型,并利用此模型计算了常风浪场、崇武海洋站设计波浪要素和西沙湾海域极值波浪场.计算结果显示,在常风浪模拟中,4个浮标站计算值与实测值有效波高绝对误差均在0.20 m以内,平均绝对误差值为0.13 m...     

基于环境感知的旅游型海岛和谐人地关系研究——以台湾海峡西岸鼓浪屿、湄洲岛为例

旅游型海岛人地关系和谐发展是全球关注的热点,立足于居民环境感知的视角,从基层、微观层面分析旅游型海岛人地关系状况、存在问题与解决途径。以台湾海峡西岸旅游型海岛鼓浪屿、湄洲岛为例,结合实地考察与问卷调查,探寻其人地关系和谐发展的路径,结果显示:鼓浪屿与湄洲岛人地关系的发展存在差异性,旅游因素明显推动海岛人地关系发展;旅游型海岛人地关系处于转型时期,需要对海岛居民生产方式、旅游业发展、生态环境变化进行动态监测和调整。     

台湾海峡OBS地震记录中二次Ps震相的特征及应用

在海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer,OBS)广角地震记录剖面上,经常可以见到震相清晰且连续的多次波信号,多次波和初至波是由相同的震源信号产生的,也是地壳真实结构的反映。但是在通常的OBS数据处理过程中,经常将多次波作为无效信号剔除掉,对其属性及应用的研究比较少。文章通过对台湾海峡南部OBS探测测线HXN01数据的处理,对多个台站记录到的二次震相进行了识别与拾取,并以OBS0106台站为例,对识别出的二次Ps震相进行了系统的研究分析,发现二次Ps震相的波形特征和质点运动轨迹与初至震相相似,但波形最大振幅值明显大于初至震相。通过Rayinvr射线追踪方法模拟,确定了二次Ps震相的主要反射层,并发现加入二次震相后,台站下方浅部沉积层射线覆盖密度有显著提升,射线覆盖的区域也明显增加,为沉积层精细结构的反演提供了更为丰富的数据基础。另外,对理论模型的地壳结构进行加入二次Ps震相前后的反演测试,结果显示加入二次Ps震相数据后,沉积层的界面深度误差得到明显的改善。