渤海海峡跨海通道工程区地震危险性分析

研究渤海海峡地区区域历史地震时空分布特征,分析渤海海峡地区的地震发生位置及其发震规律,论述历史地震对工程场地的影响,为渤海海峡跨海通道的选址提供依据,使选址时尽量避开活动断层以减少地震对跨海通道的影响,增加评判工程稳定性的因子,使评判结论更加可靠。     

1998年冬季台湾海峡的暖水入侵及其生态响应

就1998年2－3月台湾海峡AVHRR表层水温和SeaWiFS叶绿素数据以及当年2月20日至3月8日在台湾海峡北部海区所实施的多学科现场调查资料进行综合分析，着重探讨暖水入侵的过程及其生态响应。结果表明，1998年冬季由澎湖水道北上进入台湾海峡的高温高盐黑潮入侵水强度大于往年，在2月8日－3月13日期间不断增强，直至侵占整个海峡东侧海域，迫使低温低盐且富含营养盐的闽浙沿岸水主流顺大陆沿岸南下。这一过程向海峡西侧海域输入营养盐并使之达到适宜的水温，极可能是西侧海域出现叶绿素高值区、呈现出与往年相反的叶绿素分布态势的主控机制。分析这一现象与1997－1998年的E1 Nino事件可能存在着某种关联。     

ANALYSIS OF Cu, Cd, Co AND Ni IN SURFACE WATER OF THE KUROSHIO AREA IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

Study of 1986 and 1987 heavy metal distribution in surface water of the Kuroshio area in the East China Sea showed regional and slight seasonal variations in distribution and concentration . Heavy metal levels in Taiwan Strait, the sea area north of Taiwan and the continental shelf are higher than those in the main axis of the Kuroshio . Dissolved Cu in summer and winter decreases with the increase of salinity , but dissolved Cd has no obvious change with salinity .     

Study on respiratory electron transport system （ETS） of phytoplankton in Taiwan Strait and Xiamen Harbour

Phytoplankton respiratory electron transport system (P-ETS) activities were studied in two cruises in Taiwan Strait (Aug. 1997 and Feb. -Mar.1998) and two cruises in Xiamen Harbour (Oct., 1997 and Apr.,1998). Results showed that P-ETS activity in the surface water of southern Yaiwan Strait in summer was homogeneous [mean value of 0.106 μ102/(L.h)], inhomogeneous in northern Yaiwan Strait in winter. Variation of P-ETS activity in middle part of the Strait was not obvious between summer and winter. Mean P-ETS activity of Xiamen Harbour in autumn was 0.255 μ102/(L.h) with a little higher value in Jiulong River estuary areas. In spring, P-ETS activity was more homogeneously distributed and the mean value was 1.076 μ102/(L.h). P-ETS activity in spring was obviously higher than in autumn in Xiamen Harbour. Vertical distribution of P-ETS in Taiwan Strait was homogeneous at some stations in winter and in summer. An obvious daily variation of P-ETS activity was recorded at Stn 9837, high at midnight and low in the early morning. Significant correlation between P-ETS activity and Chl-a was observed. Results also showed that the ratio of estimated respiratory rate to photosynthetic rate varied seasonally, high in winter (0.41) and low in summer (0.12).     

印度洋通道及其对中国地缘环境影响

印度洋通道是中国获取能源和其他资源、出口工业产品并同南亚、西亚、非洲和欧洲国家交流合作的生命线。随着中美关系和中国周边地缘态势的深刻变化,中国需要积极谋划逐渐降低对传统的南海—马六甲海峡通道的依赖,建设新的印度洋通道,从而降低自身的地缘环境风险,并由此优化国内经济发展布局,推动西南沿边地区进一步开发与开放,并提升中国同印度洋沿岸国家和地区的交流与合作水平。本研究从通道的定义和特征出发,梳理了现有及潜在的印度洋通道,比较分析了各条通道的战略意义、前景及地缘环境影响,从而为中国的印度洋战略构建和“一带一路”倡议推进提供新的视角和见解。     

闽台两岸区域地震监测台网及地震监测能力比较

介绍了闽台两岸地震台网的历史与现状，现今地震观测台网布局及监测及台站使用仪器类型的历史沿革。同时，使用１９９３￣１９９４年两岸分别出版的地震观测报告，系统分析了同一地震中两岸台网分别测定的地震参数的差异，探讨了引起这种差异的可能原因，提出了今后联合进行台湾海峡地震监测预报与地球结构研究的必要性和可行性。     

南海吕宋海峡21°N附近多潜标观测的上层海流

为了了解潮流从西北太平洋经吕宋海峡进入南海内的变化及其垂向结构,本文利用在吕宋海峡附近沿东西方向布放的多套潜标同步获得的高分辨率ADCP长时间连续观测上层海流资料,使用调和分析方法将实测海流分解成3部分:不随时间变化的定常流、周期性潮流和剩余流,并将潮流分解为正压潮流和斜压潮流。通过对实测海流中各组分的分析,得到以下结论:该区域潮流类型在不同深度上有明显变化;M2潮自吕宋海峡传入南海后强度显著减弱75%左右,K1、O1分潮在上层强度减弱约三分之一。从垂向变化来看,在潮流强度上,各站点垂直方向上潮流强度均发生变化。从方向上看,各分潮潮流椭圆东西向特征明显,长轴变化较大,短轴(南北向特征)垂向变化不显著;潮流运动主要沿逆时针方向,垂直方向上潮流明显减弱或增强时会发生转向。斜压潮流主要集中在上表层,100m左右以下随深度逐渐减弱。东西方向斜压潮流能量比正压潮流强,而南北向的流比较稳定,且斜压潮流能量远小于正压潮流。定常流强度在各站点呈现相似的变化趋势,随深度变化减弱。     

吕宋海峡水交换季节和年际变化特征的数值模拟研究

利用ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)建立了一套覆盖西北太平洋的涡尺度分辨率环流模型,并对吕宋海峡附近的环流进行了模拟研究。结果表明,吕宋海峡120.75°E断面净流量季节变化显著,全年均为西向输运,6月份达到最小,为0.40×106 m3/s,然后逐渐增大,在12月份达到最大,为6.14×106 m3/s,全年平均流量为3.04×106 m3/s。在500 m以浅,秋、冬季都有明显的黑潮流套存在,并伴有黑潮分支入侵南海,而春、夏季黑潮南海分支减弱或消失,黑潮入侵不明显。在500 m以深,冬、春季,吕宋海峡以东有非常明显的南向流存在,流速约10 cm/s,而到了夏、秋季该南向流出现明显的减弱,黑潮与南海的水交换主要通过吕宋海峡以北的吕宋海沟进行。在垂向结构上,120.75°E断面浅层呈多流核结构,并且流核的位置和强弱受黑潮的季节性变化影响显著,深层流的季节变化不大。在年际尺度方面,吕宋海峡年际体积输运量异常与Niño3.4滞后6个月相关系数达到41.6%,吕宋海峡水交换与ENSO现象有较为显著的正相关关系,并存在2~3 a和准8 a周期的年际变化。     

基于FVCOM的台湾海峡三维潮汐与潮流数值模拟研究

基于FVCOM海洋数值模式,采用非结构三角形网格较好地刻画了台湾海峡复杂的岸线边界及海底地形,建立了台湾海峡的三维潮汐潮流数值模型.模拟结果同长期观测资料符合良好,较好地反映出台湾海峡内潮汐、潮流运动的变化状况和分布特征,利用T_tide工具包进行水位潮流调和分析给出了M2、S2、K1、O1四个主要分潮的同潮图、表层潮流椭圆分布.分析表明,M2分潮由台湾岛南北两端传入台湾海峡,两支潮波在澎湖—台湾浅滩南缘相遇,呈NE—SW向倾斜,振幅最大值为2.45m,出现在福建省湄洲湾、兴化湾一带.K1分潮潮波由东北向西南传入,并向南海传播,传播方向上右侧振幅较左侧大0.05m.台湾海峡存在一条分潮潮流椭圆率为0的分隔线,该分隔线大致呈NE—SW走向,分隔线上半部分潮流椭圆旋转方向为逆时针方向,下半部分为顺时针方向.四个主要分潮潮流椭圆长轴基本呈NE—SW走向,但在台湾浅滩表层潮流椭圆长轴方向为NW—SE向,澎湖水道呈N—S向.台湾浅滩处四个分潮的潮流椭圆均较大,对应的潮流也强,可能受当地水深较浅的影响.     

Spatial and economic effects of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel on the transportation accessibility in China

The Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel (BSCC) is a mega-strategic project that connects the Shandong Peninsula and northeastern China. After half a century of research, this project has entered its preliminary planning phase. Based on the Chinese modern transportation system database, this paper applies Dijkstra's algorithm to study the impacts of the BSCC on the structure of Chinese transportation accessibility and discusses the spatial and temporal changes and the strength of economic linkages among the eight affected coastal urban agglomerations before and after the construction of the BSCC. This study concludes that: (1) the BSCC will open up a northeast–southwest traffic artery in coastal areas of China that will significantly improve the transportation accessibility of both these coastal areas and northeastern China as a whole, which cover an area of 2.18 million km², and on average will reduce the travel time of nationwide prefecture-level cities by 16 min; (2) the BSCC will significantly improve the total economic linkages (TELs) of urban agglomerations of the Central South Liaoning, the Shandong Peninsula and the Harbin–Changchun transport link and will decrease the spatial differences in the strength of cities' economic linkages, which will benefit the integration of the Bohai Economic Circle; (3) the BSCC will eliminate the segregation between the two coastal economic groups brought about by the Bohai Strait. This will promote the revitalization of the old industrial base in northeastern China by expanding the radiation scope of the Yangtze River Delta and the Shandong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait into northeastern China. Additionally, the BSCC will enhance the economic linkages between urban agglomerations in northeastern China and the western shore of the southeastern coast, Pearl River Delta, and North Gulf of Guangxi on the southeastern coast. Finally, it will create northeast–southwest economic integration in these coastal areas. This research will assist decision-making for the BSCC project and other cross-sea tunnels in China.