基于BISQ机制三维双相正交裂隙各向异性介质衰减及频散方位特性研究

对于复杂裂隙介质,双相各向异性介质模型更能真实地反映实际地层特征.本文基于BISQ机制推导了三维双相各向异性介质的频散方程,给出了用于确定相速度和逆品质因子的波数方程及其表达式,研究了固体骨架各向异性、固流耦合效应各向异性、渗透率各向异性对衰减及频散的影响,并对频散和衰减的方位特性进行了分析,为预测储层流体的存在、分布以及孔隙结构提供有力的理论依据,使得多方位储层地球物理参数联合反演具有可行性.     

Stochastic seismic response of multi-layered soil with random layer heights

This paper deals with the effect of layer height randomness on the seismic response of a layered soil. These parameters are assumed to be lognormal random variables. The analysis is carried out via Monte Carlo simulations coupled with the stiffness matrix method. A parametric study is conducted to derive the stochastic behavior of the peak ground acceleration and its response spectrum,the transfer function and the amplification factors. The input soil characteristics correspond to a site in Mexico City and the input seismic accelerations correspond to the Loma Prieta earthquake. It is found that the layer height heterogeneity causes a widening of the frequency content and a slight increase in the fundamental frequency of the soil profile,indicating that the resonance phenomenon is a concern for a large number of structures. Variation of the layer height randomness acts as a variation of the incident angle,i.e.,a decrease of the amplitude and a shift of the resonant frequencies.     

北京地区主要活动断裂深部速度结构特征及强震构造分析

根据分别由人工地震测深速度结构剖面数字化和天然地震层析成像建立的北京地区三维地壳速度结构模型,本文绘制了剖面图。同时将剖面两侧5km的地震震中投影到剖面上,分析了北京地区主要活动断裂的深部速度结构特征,证实两种方法得到的地壳速度结构模型具有很大的相似性。同时,顺义凹陷、马池口凹陷下方存在近垂直的深断裂,此深断裂可能为未来的发震断裂,地壳浅部与此对应的活动断裂是顺义-前门-良乡断裂北段、黄庄-高丽营断裂北段以及清河断裂,地壳内部的深断裂与地壳浅部控制盆地发育的活动断裂之间可能处于"汇而未交"的状态,具有地震孕育的深部构造背景。     

Extreme Cold Events from East Asia to North America in Winter 2020/21: Comparisons,Causes, and Future Implications

Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across East Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/21.These events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical processes.The analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major SSW.The Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air outbreaks.The long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time period.The displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme state.The results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”.     

强震山区低山斜坡地震动响应特征分析

2019-06-17四川省宜宾市长宁县6.0级地震后,双河镇布设了多个地震监测仪器,以获取不同场地条件下的地震动相关参数.研究结果表明:1)在同一介质下,60 m高程对地震动的峰值加速度放大可达1～3倍,阿里亚斯强度放大可达2～5倍,同时微地貌的不同可使放大效应具有一定的方向优势;2)在同一高程不同介质条件下,相较于砂...     

Dynamic investigation of a hybrid suspension and cable‐stayed bridge

Ambient and forced vibration tests were carried out on the Beauharnois bridge, a unique, 177‐m combined suspension and cable‐stayed structure near Montreal, Canada. A rehabilitation program was completed on the bridge during which the deck was completely rebuilt with an orthotropic slab on two steel trusses. The rehabilitation program also included the addition of two pairs of stay cables on both towers, creating a hybrid suspension system. The paper presents a series of dynamic tests performed to evaluate the dynamic properties and the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) for the rehabilitated bridge. The experimental program involved the measurement of vertical, transverse, and longitudinal acceleration responses of the deck and tower under ambient and controlled traffic loads. Displacement, strain, and integrated acceleration DAFs were computed under different loading conditions. Modal properties were evaluated and used to correlate a three‐dimensional finite element model for the bridge, including non‐linear cable behaviour. The paper discusses the experimental setup as well as the techniques used to evaluate vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and the DAF. Correlation of numerical dynamic properties and experimental results is also presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震作用下核安全级反倾层状软岩高陡边坡组合支挡结构抗震性能研究与加固效果评价

比较了不同行业抗震设计规范中边坡地震影响系数和动态放大系数的取值方法,综述国内核电厂高边坡案例的研究进展。以某工程核安全级反倾层状软岩高陡边坡为例,探讨应用多种方法综合分析其在不同地震作用下的动态放大效应、支挡结构抗震性能和加固效果的分析思路。首先,基于典型二维计算剖面,采用拟静力法进行边坡的初步加固设计;然后,基于大型振动台试验和数值计算,研究了不同地震作用下软岩高边坡加速度动力放大效应、支挡结构的抗震性能;最后,通过现场工程监测评价边坡的加固效果。研究结果表明,在强震作用下,核安全边坡按其他行业规范中的抗震参数取值方法进行设计是可行的,通过振动台和数值分析验证边坡整体是稳定的,支挡结构抗震性能良好,该研究思路和方法是合理可行的,并能节约大量工程投资。研究成果可丰富核安全级软岩高陡边坡研究理论与方法,并为核安全级软岩高陡边坡抗震安全评价和工程设计提供技术支持。     

琼西北地区的基底速度图象

利用人工地震测深纵剖面和非纵剖面的资料,对琼西北地区P_g波的走时进行了层析反演,对比了代数重建法和同时迭代重建法的效果.综合了纵剖面的模型后,在三维弯曲界面上重建了基底速度图象,探讨了用射线椭圆评价分辨的途径. 层析成象结果给出了许多有价值的信息,揭示琼西北的结晶基底存在三条北东向断裂和两条北西向断裂,后者是继承性的活动断裂,控制着新生代次级断块的发展与火山活动.地表所推断的东西向王五-文教深大断裂,在该处只呈断续隐伏状显示.该区的基底存在儋县、临高和光村三个高速区,主要反映着基性岩体或花岗侵入体.基底整体性最好的是在儋县-王五地区,破碎程度最严重的是在王五-中和-光村以西的地区.     

利用福建爆破实验记录检验华南速度模型

基于2010~2012年"福建及台湾海峡地壳深部结构陆海联合探测"项目中18次爆破实验的准确发震时间、发震位置所确定的多震相走时数据,进行爆破震相特征分析,采用华南速度模型对单纯型、Hyposat、Hypo2000及Locsat等4种定位方法进行比较,得出最优定位方法。利用14炮爆破记录反演得到的速度模型与华南速度模型作比较,结果表明,反演模型的上地壳厚度小于华南模型的,下地壳厚度大于华南模型的,上地壳速度与华南模型的相当,下地壳速度大于华南模型的。利用本研究的反演结果对其他4次爆破进行重新定位,定位精度明显提高。     

Evidence of significant forward rupture directivity aggravated by soil response in an Mw6 earthquake and the effects on monuments

While strong directivity effects have been mostly recognized in M_w > 6.5 earthquakes, the paper investigates the case of a strong such effect in a relatively small‐magnitude event on 3 February 2014 in the island of Cephalonia, Greece. The second of two events (both of M_w ≈ 6) produced a pernicious accelerogram in the region's main town, Lixouri. The paper provides evidence from geology, interferometry, and seismology to convince that the motion was the result of constructive interference in front of the direction of rupture of the obliquely‐strike‐slip fault. The nature of the record is explored to demonstrate that its frequency content, its high velocity pulse, and its strong fault‐normal (FN) favorable polarity are associated with directivity. Moreover, the broad spectral acceleration peak (of 1.7 g) of the FN motion, centered at a period (T ≈ 1.4 s) which almost coincides with the period of the velocity pulse, is shown to have also been affected by soil amplification, in quantitative agreement with Bray et al. (2009). Such a directivity‐and‐soil‐affected motion explains much of the profound damage to monuments, slopes, and harbor quaywalls. In particular, toppling (as well as excessive rotation and sliding) of nearly‐all the tombstones in Lixouri cemetery are shown to correlate well with characteristics of the FN component of motion. By contrast, the excellent performance of the building stock — despite the destructive shaking that prevailed — is persuasively attributed to conservatively‐robust construction practices of the past and the high base shear coefficient of the strict latest (2000) seismic code. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.