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691.
利用地震波正向传播方程对属于波形线性反演问题近似求解方法的地震数据偏移成像进行重新推导,得到了适合散射地震数据的散射偏移成像方法和适合反射地震数据的反射偏移成像方法.以地震波传播的散射理论为出发点,首先根据描述一次散射波正向传播的线性方程研究建立散射地震数据的偏移成像方法理论;利用高频近似对产生散射波场的地下速度扰动函数的空间变化进行近似,推导出地下反射率函数,再由散射波传播方程推导出基于反射率函数的反射波传播方程,然后根据描述一次反射波正向传播的线性方程研究建立反射地震数据的偏移成像方法理论.本文指出和修正了Claerbout偏移成像方法中的不足,提出的地震数据偏移成像方法是对当前偏移成像方法理论的完善,使反射地震数据偏移成像具有了更坚实的数学物理理论基础,得到的偏移成像结果相位正确、位置准确、分辨率提高. 相似文献
692.
利用常规观测资料、自动站资料和多普勒雷达资料等,对2009年7月14日大连暴雨局部大暴雨过程进行详细分析。结果表明:这是一次暖锋大暴雨过程,高空河套槽北抬和北支槽尾段相叠加,中低层在渤海北部到大连地区形成涡旋环流,700 hPa气旋式较大曲率处在地面暖锋上空,大连地区位于地面气旋顶部即暖锋顶部,造成强降水的产生。强湿区,配合暖锋前低层辐合中心、高层辐散中心,为暖锋大暴雨天气提供水汽和动力条件。从雷达回波分析可以看出,暖锋前部45dBz的β中尺度反射率及速度场上“单牛眼”特征,是造成此次暴雨过程及短时暴雨的直接原因。VWP资料分析表明,低层东南急流与高层西南急流形成切变层的高度以及两支急流的强度变化,与暖锋对应并决定降水的强弱。 相似文献
693.
Geophysical studies point to a complex tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Alboran Basin and Gulf of Cadiz. Tomographic images show strong seismic waves velocity contrasts in the upper mantle. The... 相似文献
694.
Some Problems on the Global Wavelet Spectrum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
WU Shu LIU Qinyu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(4):398-402
In order to test the validity of the global wavelet spectrum - a new period analysis method based on wavelet analysis, we carried out some simple experiments. In our experiments we used idealized time series and real Nifio 3 sea surface temperature (SST) for testing purposes. First we combined different signals which have the same power but different periods into some new time series. Then we calculated the global wavelet spectra and Fourier power spectra for the testing time series. The testing results revealed that on some occasions the global wavelet spectrum tends to amplify the relative power of longer periods. By making comparisons with the results obtained by the traditional Fourier power spectrum, we demonstrated that on an occasion when the global wavelet spectrum does not work the Fourier power spectrum can be used to achieve the right results. Hence it is recommended that when making period analysis with the global wavelet spectrum one needs to do further tests to confirm their results. 相似文献
695.
696.
697.
The results of an experimental study conducted on two 1:2 reduced-scale geotextile-reinforced soil retaining walls are presented
and discussed. El Centro earthquake and sinusoidal harmonic motion excitations were applied to the 1.9 m tall models. The
design parameter investigated was the reinforcement length (L/H = 0.9 in the 1st model and L/H = 0.6 in the 2nd model). The
results were analyzed to evaluate the acceleration amplification, strains in the reinforcement layers and facing wall deformation.
The test results showed that in both experiments the walls were in fact designed to behave rigidly and almost no residual
displacements were observed on the front of the wall. The most important conclusion drawn from the experimental work was that
Geosynthetic Reinforced Retaining Structures designed according to the current specifications behave very successfully under
earthquake loading conditions. 相似文献
698.
This study proposes a recording-based approach to characterize and quantify earthquake-induced site nonlinearity, exemplified as soil nonlinearity and/or liquefaction. Alternative to Fourier spectral analysis (FSA), the paper introduces time–frequency analysis of earthquake ground motion recordings with the aid of so-called Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), and offers justification for the HHT in addressing the nonlinear features shown in the recordings. With the use of the 2001 Nisqually earthquake recordings, this study shows that the proposed approach is effective in characterizing site nonlinearity and quantifying the influences in seismic ground responses. Major results from this study are listed below.
- 1. HHT-based site amplification is defined as the ratio of marginal Hilbert amplitude spectra, similar to the Fourier-based one that is the ratio of Fourier amplitude spectra. The HHT-based site amplification can be used in effectively quantifying site nonlinearity in terms of frequency downshift in the low-frequency range and amplification-reduction factor in intermediate-frequency range in comparison with the Fourier-based one.
- 2. Instantaneous damping, and Hilbert and marginal Hilbert damping spectra are defined in ways similar to instantaneous frequency, and Hilbert and marginal Hilbert amplitude spectra, respectively. Consequently, the HHT-based site damping is found as the difference of marginal Hilbert damping spectra, which can be used as an alternative, complementary index to measure the influences of site nonlinearity in seismic ground responses.
Keywords: Site nonlinearity; Site amplification; Site damping; Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT); Liquefaction; 2001 Nisqually earthquake 相似文献
699.
We study the zonal flow in solar subsurface layers, analyzing about six years of GONG++ high-resolution Doppler data with
ring-diagram analysis. We focus on the variation of zonal flow with magnetic activity over a range of depths from the surface
to about 16 Mm. There is a positive correlation between unsigned magnetic flux and zonal flow at most depths. We calculate
the average zonal flow for a quiet- and an active-region subset defined as dense-pack locations with an unsigned magnetic
flux less than 3.4 G and locations with greater than 65.0 G, respectively. The average zonal flow of active regions is about
4 m s−1 larger than the average flow of quiet regions. This difference increases slightly with increasing depth, which might be explained
by a nonradial inclination of the flux tubes or a different extent in depth of different magnetic features. The difference
shows no apparent pattern in time and latitude, which makes it unlikely that it is simply a manifestation of the torsional-oscillation
pattern. As a byproduct, we find that the size of the North – South asymmetry of the rotation rate decreases during the same
epoch. 相似文献
700.
V. A. Sheminova 《Solar physics》2009,254(1):29-50
The properties of solar magnetic fields on scales less than the spatial resolution of solar telescopes are studied. A synthetic
infrared spectropolarimetric diagnostic based on a 2D MHD simulation of magnetoconvection is used for this. Analyzed are two
time sequences of snapshots that likely represent two regions of the network fields with their immediate surroundings on the
solar surface with unsigned magnetic flux densities of 300 and 140 G. In the first region from the probability density functions
of the magnetic field strength it is found that the most probable field strength at log τ
5=0 is equal to 250 G. Weak fields (B<500 G) occupy about 70% of the surface, whereas stronger fields (B>1000 G) occupy only 9.7% of the surface. The magnetic flux is −28 G and its imbalance is −0.04. In the second region, these
parameters are correspondingly equal to 150 G, 93.3%, 0.3%, −40 G, and −0.10. The distribution of line-of-sight velocities
on the surface of log τ
5=−1 is estimated. The mean velocity is equal to 0.4 km s−1 in the first simulated region. The average velocity in the granules is −1.2 km s−1 and in the intergranules it is 2.5 km s−1. In the second region, the corresponding values of the mean velocities are equal to 0, −1.8, and 1.5 km s−1. In addition the asymmetry of synthetic Stokes V profiles of the Fe i 1564.8 nm line is analyzed. The mean values of the amplitude and area asymmetry do not exceed 1%. The spatially smoothed
amplitude asymmetry is increased to 10% whereas the area asymmetry is only slightly varied. 相似文献