渡口及其邻近地区地壳浅层结构的研究

为了研究攀枝花-西昌构造带的地壳与上地幔顶部结构,在西起丽江东至者海全长350km的测线上进行了爆炸地震探测。本文利用所取得的六条地震记录剖面的P_g波组,研究测线下方地壳浅层结构。采用层状垂直梯度和横向不均匀模型,用理论走时和射线追踪方法来拟合实测P_g走时资料。得到深度为10km范围的地壳浅层结构和速度分布。 结果表明,该区地表P波速度以渡口至华坪一带为最高,达6.00km/s。向东西两侧逐步减小,东至者海为5.20km/s,西至丽江降为3.50km/s。局部地段因构造影响速度值有些起伏。从浅层结构和速度分布可见,该区存在箐河-程海、绿汁江、安宁河和甘洛-小江等深断裂带,并向地壳深部延伸。等速度线图表明,该区上地壳中有一高速岩体存在。攀枝花钒、钛、铁矿的富集以及其他热液型矿床的分布很可能与此有关。     

The crust and upper mantle structure beneath southern Italy by earthquakes and DSS data

This paper describes a travel—time analysis performed for the Italian seismic stations, in particular those operating in southern Italy, in order to study the crust and upper mantle properties in the region. Average P-wave residuals of teleseisms in the distance range 30°–95° with respect to Jeffreys-Bullen tables, at thirteen permanent and temporary stations of southern Italy, are coherent with a high velocity zone beneath Calabria and northern Sicily and low velocity material in the mantle beneath the Eolian Islands. Travel—time residuals from Tyrrhenian intermediate earthquakes show a high velocity structure which extends in a NW direction from a depth of at least 200 km down to 450 km.A damped least-squares inversion applied to DSS data confirms the existence of low velocity zones in the crust beneath the Eolian Islands, at 8–12 km depth, that agrees with previous results and with the lack of S waves from local earthquakes.Publication No. 193, Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, CNR-Roma.     

华北地区地壳上地幔P波速度结构

本文利用近震体波资料,研究了华北地区地壳和上地幔P波速度结构。根据华北地区的大地构造特征,分四个区域研究。结果表明,各区之间P波速度结构存在明显差异,在较活动地区壳内和地幔顶部均有低速层存在,而稳定地区则没有,作者认为,这种横向不均匀性和低速层的存在可能是构造活动区的最主要的特征。     

A NEW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR2-D FLOW

A new mathematical model for 2-D flow is formulated with accurate satisfac tion of boundary conditions in conjunction with square or any grids,so that it may also yield accurate results when the domain of computation is in the shape of a strip as occurring in rivers. The basic equations are split into three sets of compo- nent equations of which two sets may be transformed to the same form. This model is a part or a model devised for 2-D flows with sediment.     

Tsunami ascending in rivers as an undular bore

At time of the 1983 Japan Sea tsunami, waves in the form of a bore ascended many rivers. In some cases, bores had the form of one initial wave with a train of smaller waves, and in other cases, such a wave train did not appear and only a step with a flat water surface behind was observed. In the present study, it is clarified that both undular-type and nonundular-type bores can be recognized as solutions of the KdV-Burger's equation which was introduced by Johnson in 1972. Numerically obtained analytical solutions and results of laboratory experiments are compared.     

Tsunami trapping near circular islands

Trapping of long water waves that are induced by submarine earthquakes and that attack circular islands is studied by applying a theoretical model (Tinti andVannini, 1994) that is based on the linear shallow water approximation. The solution is computed as the superposition of the eigenmodes of the water basin. The tsunami trapping is seen in terms of the capability of the source to excite the trapped eigenmodes of the basin. The bottom depth dependence around the island is shown to be quite important in determining the trapping capability of the island: a depth profile that is downwardly concave as the distance from the island coasts increases is substantially more efficient in amplifying the incoming waves and in trapping their energy than a profile exhibiting an upward concavity.     

西非深水海底管道沉降分析

基于西非深海安哥拉32区块KAOMBO油田实际工程,对海底管道沉降进行了理论分析和数值计算,考虑了极浅层土力学参数的不确定性,认为土体不排水抗剪强度对管道沉降的影响不可忽视,随着土体强度的增加,管道沉降量呈指数衰减,当土体强度达到2.0 k Pa时,管道沉降量趋于一致。同时考虑了管道安装过程中纵横向摆动对管道沉降的影响,引入了动力系数,考虑管道触泥点处应力集中产生的附加沉降,荷载集中系数随管道弯曲刚度和土壤刚度增加而增加,随铺设张力的增加而减小,并区分"轻""重"管道进行了沉降分析,结果与几内亚湾和安哥拉海域实际工程和现场实际观测数据相符。     

气候反馈对温度空间模态的依赖性:IPCC AR6解读

依据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第六次评估报告(AR6)第一工作组(WGI)报告第七章的内容,详细解读了气候反馈对温度空间模态的依赖性。与第五次评估报告(AR5)相比,AR6对于地表温度空间模态演变在驱动气候反馈变化中作用的理解已有了较大提升。AR6认为,在温室气体强迫下,北极在21世纪的增温幅度很可能大于全球平均水平,南极在百年时间尺度上的增温要强于热带地区;同时,在百年时间尺度上热带太平洋东部的变暖幅度大于西部,即热带太平洋东-西向海表温度梯度减弱。极地放大效应(尤其是南半球)和热带太平洋东-西向海表温度梯度随时间的变化是影响未来气候反馈如何演变的关键因素。随着地表增温空间模态的演变,气候反馈(尤其云反馈)预计将在未来几十年的时间尺度上逐渐增加,对气候变化更多是起放大作用。     

安顺市2015—2019年冰雹时空特征 及雷达临近预警指标研究

利用安顺市2015-2019年降雹个例、Micaps常规观测资料以及贵阳雷达资料,分析总结了安顺市冰雹时空分布特征及雷达临近预警指标。结果表明：安顺市冰雹以直径20 mm以下的小冰雹为主,冰雹站次呈北多南少特征;冰雹天气主要发生在春季,4月最多,5月次之;2015—2019年期间,2019年安顺市冰雹站次最多,2017年最少。直径10 mm以上与直径10mm以下冰雹对应的雹云相比,其强回波值更强、降雹概率更高、强回波中心平均升降次数更多、上升幅度及最高上升高度更高（须在0 ℃层高度以上）、对应的径向速度场有明显特征（逆风区、辐合/辐散、旋转）的比例更高、径向速度特征（逆风区、辐合/辐散、旋转）出现时间较降雹时间提前量更多。此外,强回波中心上升高度（0 ℃层高度以上）越高,冰雹直径越大。以上雷达回波特征均可作为安顺市冰雹预警指标,有利于提高安顺市冰雹预警准确率及提前量。     

中国大陆深层区域构造格架——系列解释之上地幔剪切波速度模型及其地质意义

上地幔剪切波速度(V_S)差异表明了上地幔的横向不均匀性,通过在线下载V_S模型,并结合断裂构造图,分析发现:中国大陆主要成矿域的V_S结构存在明显差异,如特提斯-喜马拉雅成矿域的V_S为高速,而滨西太平洋成矿域的V_S为低速。编制上地幔剪切波速度结构图可以增进对中国大陆深层区域构造格架的认识,为中国大陆主要成矿域的划分和解释提供深部地球物理背景资料。