中国省区间制造业空间格局演变

针对改革开放以来中国经济发展不均衡的客观事实,刻画了经济空间结构的中心-边缘特征,并对中心-边缘结构下的省区间制造业分布差异进行了分析和实证检验。研究发现,1978 年改革开放以来区域发展的中心-边缘结构日益显著,表现出明显的东部沿海偏向型。随着改革开放的深入,产业布局逐渐符合省区间的发展优势,产业在中心与边缘省区间的分异格局日益显著,中心省区逐渐专业化于中间投入需求较大、最终需求比重较高、规模经济特征显著以及劳动力密集与人力资本密集等产业,边缘省区则与此相反并且逐渐专业化于高能耗产业,传统比较优势理论与新经济地理学都在一定程度上有力地解释了国内产业空间分布。东西部地区间的中心-边缘结构某种意义上具有不可逆性,各地区工业化不同步将是长期趋势,产业在中心与边缘省区间的显著分异格局与演变特征表明东西部省区间产业发展的差异不仅仅体现为当前空间分布的不同,更意味着未来各个省区内部产业结构演变轨迹的差异。     

Hydrochemical characteristics and solute dynamics of meltwater runoff of Urumqi Glacier No.1, eastern Tianshan, northwest China

Hydrochemical characteristics and solute dynamics of bulk meltwater draining from Urumqi Glacier No.1 were investigated in years 2006 and 2007.The glacial meltwater was slightly alkaline with the mean pH of 7.64 and 7.61 in 2006 and 2007,respectively.In the meltwater,the dominant anions were the bicarbonate and sulphate,and the dominant cation was calcium.The concentration of major cations were varied as c(Ca2+) > c(Mg2+) > c(K+) > c(Na+),while the order for the cations was c(HCO3) > c(SO42) > c(NO3) > c(Cl).The total dissolved solids(TDS) in meltwater had inverse relationships with the diurnal discharge.The major ion composition of meltwater was mainly controlled by rock weathering as inferred from the Gibbs model.Furthermore,the ion ratios and Piper diagram indicated that the main processes controlling the meltwater chemistry were carbonate weathering,pyrite weathering and feldspar weathering in rocks,and Ca2+ and HCO3 were the dominant ions during the carbonate weathering process.Solute flux calculation at Glacier No.1 station suggested that chemical denudation rates were 11.46 and 13.90 ton.km 2.yr 1 in 2006 and 2007,respectively.     

城市传统商业中心内部结构及形成机制研究——以厦门市中山商圈为例

传统商业中心在所在城市的发展过程中发挥着重要的作用,同时在历史文化、地方民俗的传承方面也扮演着重要角色。传统商业中心受多重动力机制的作用而形成其特有的内部结构。外部动力机制包括政策环境、经济环境、区位环境、心理环境等,内部动力环境包括资源构成、体制构成和商业作用等。本文以厦门市传统商业中心中山商圈为例,通过对其内部结构的调查研究,揭示其内部结构与其形成机制的组织关系和客观规律．为商业中心建设发展的各方决策参与者提供参考依据．     

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿集区区域成矿控制条件及资源潜力预测

瓦房店地区是我国金刚石矿主要矿集区.金伯利岩浆侵入活动主要受超岩石圈郯庐深断裂控制.有利于岩体赋存的部位是基底东西向构造发生继承性活动形成的北东东向断裂.该两组断裂联合控制了区内金伯利岩体群沿北北东方向成排、沿北东东方向呈带的空间分布规律.由于北东东向断裂活动强度的差异,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号金伯利岩带由北向南呈现了岩体数量渐少、规模渐小、含矿性渐弱的规律性变化.基于此,认为在矿集区以北瓦窝-松树镇一带应具有对称性的1~2条金伯利岩带存在,并预测该区原生金刚石具有较大的资源潜力.另据区内已勘探矿床中含矿岩体剥蚀程度,推测约有3000万克拉金刚石被剥蚀形成砂矿.因此,区内侏罗纪-第四纪地层和第四系松散堆积物中金刚石也具有较丰富的资源潜力.     

Does the invisible hand have a green thumb? Incentives, linkages, and the creation of wealth out of industrial waste in Victorian England

'Loop closing', that is, the creation of waste recycling linkages between different industries, has been hailed as a means of simultaneously achieving improved economic and environmental performance. As a result of the widespread assumption that traditional market incentives and institutions are not conducive to such an outcome, however, there remains a fair amount of scepticism as to what the capacity of business self-interest to promote this behaviour actually is. This article challenges the dominant negative perspective by discussing by-product development in one of the most market-oriented societies in human history, Victorian England. Building on nineteenth and early twentieth century writings on the topic, as well as a more detailed analysis of the development of valuable by-products from highly problematic iron and coal gas production residuals, a case is made that the search for increased profitability within the context of private property rights often simultaneously promoted economic and environmental progress in the long run, as well as on different geographical scales.     

Circuits of scrap: closed loop industrial ecosystems and the geography of US international recyclable material flows 1995–2005

The recycling of scrap material has been identified as an important strategy in the larger theory of industrial ecology. Industrial ecology argues that the traditional model of industrial activity needs to be transformed into a 'closed loop' industrial ecosystem where used materials (scrap) and by-products would substitute for virgin materials during production processes. The recycling of scrap material forms part of this larger effort to reduce the overall environmental impact of production and consumption. A key, but as yet, unresolved question in this process is the geographic scale (local, regional, national, global) at which loop closing should take place. This preliminary empirical research examines the export and import geography of the seven largest (by weight) US scrap commodities (iron and steel, paper, plastics, aluminium, copper, nickel and zinc) between 1995 and 2005 to ascertain the extent to which US scrap flows overseas and how that might affect our understanding of how material loops can close. Other than an integrated export and import relationship with Canada, the results suggest that there are two distinct circuits of scrap flows in the USA. The USA exports a substantial portion of the recyclable scrap generated each year to rapidly developing countries, while importing smaller quantities of scrap from the EU. With the major exception of exporting higher value iron and steel scrap to China, the US tends to export lower value scrap and import higher value scrap. In part this reflects imbalances in the supply and demand for scrap between the USA and the developing world, the lack of potentially available scrap and the absence of a robust recycling infrastructure in the developing world. Although such scrap circuits are probably not ideal, the use of US scrap in the developing world is both a realistic and preferable alternative in the short to medium term than virgin production.     

天山南、北坡河流出山径流对气候变化的敏感性分析——以开都河与乌鲁木齐河出山径流为例

选取开都河与乌鲁木齐河山区流域为研究区域,利用有关水文气象台站1960-2005年的观测资料,对研究区域的气温、降水与出山径流的变化特征及趋势进行了分析,并根据研究区域气候变化的特征与趋势及出山径流与山区降水、气温之间的关系,假定不同的气候情景组合,建立山区径流对气候变化的响应模型,以揭示天山南、北坡河流出山径流对气候变化的响应及其差异.结果表明,开都河与乌鲁木齐河山区径流与气温、降水量均呈正相关关系,受山区降水、气温持续增加和上升的影响,出山径流总体呈上升趋势,1990年代以后的升幅尤为显著;相对而言,乌鲁木齐河山区径流对降水变化更为敏感,而开都河出山径流对气温变化的敏感性略甚于气温.     

基于产业联动的区域经济合作潜力研究——以淮海经济区为例

淮海经济区为典型的欠发达省际边界区,研究其产业合作潜力,对推动跨省经济合作具有重要意义。运用三次产业相似系数、区位熵灰色关联和产业合作潜力模型,得出苏北、鲁南、皖北、豫东四大板块三次产业结构相似系数、各城市产业结构的灰色关联度、各城市不同产业的灰色关联度和徐州与其他19个城市产业合作潜力系数等结果。通过以上结果对该区域的产业结构相似性、产业分工、产业合作潜力进行分析,发现其存在三次产业结构趋同、行业分工逐渐深化、产业合作开始快速发展、基础设施合作潜力最大等问题和特征。     

旅游产业集群形成条件与识别方法

根据"产业集聚"和"产业联系"两个识别旅游集群存在的标准,结合旅游业的特点,从旅游资源空间集聚条件、旅游要素集中度和集聚效果3个方面构造区位熵指数,再根据投入产出表,用主成份分析法,确定旅游产业联系,计算产业联系密度,最后结合区位熵指数和产业联系密度,得出旅游产业集群度,同时分析旅游产业集群的形成条件,有利于制定政策引导促进旅游产业发展.     

国外创意产业集聚的理论视角与研究系谱

创意产业,又被作创意工业、创意经济,不同国家或地区对其内涵、概念的诠释或理解不一。近年来关于“文化产业”、“文化创意产业”、“内容产业”等的研究,多与一般意义上的“创意产业”相关．目前的研究主要集中于该产业的经济贡献、就业结构等方面,尚未形成统一的理论体系。本文试图从创意产业思想发展脉络、创意场域、创意产业园区、艺术家主体和创意阶层、创意城市等方面梳理国外对创意产业研究的系谱。