Methods for industrial measurement and basic principles of their choices

In this paper, a variety of industrial objects are systematically analyzed. Ten methods for industrial measurement are summarized. For each method, its nature, advantages, disadvantages and adaptability are briefly given. The basic principles to choose the right industrial method are indicated.     

工业设备地震灾害直接经济损失评估方法

目前评估工业企业地震灾害直接经济损失方法中较成熟部分主要是针对厂房、办公楼等建构筑物的评估,还未有系统研究工业设备损失的评估方法.本文在总结国内外评估成果基础上,从财务会计角度提出了一种估算工业设备震害损失值的方法,并详细阐述了相关参数内涵及确定方法,最后以汶川地震中成都市医药制造行业为例简要说明评估过程,最终结果表明该方法具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Intoxifying gentrification: brew pubs and the geography of post-industrial heritage

This paper traces one craft brewery (Mill Street Brewery) across two industrial heritage properties—in Toronto’s Distillery District and Ottawa’s LeBreton Flats—to investigate the extent to which alcohol functions as a catalyst of urban change. Using an analysis of both planning and policy documents, as well as media coverage for the two properties, we explore the role that alcohol plays in recalibrating industrial landscapes into spaces of consumption, and the potential for craft breweries to alter the meanings of industrial heritage. We argue that craft beer works as a vehicle in the manufacture of new spaces of cultural consumption. Specifically, craft beer production and consumption are used to aestheticize the industrial past and pacify resistance to central-city gentrification.     

产业集群的非正式联系及其对技术创新的影响——以顺德家电产业集群为例

产业集群企业之间建立在各种正式与非正式联系上的技术交流与合作是集群企业技术创新的重要基础。然而,长久以来产业集群的非正式联系在西方主流的技术创新的研究文献中一直被忽视。本文通过对顺德家电产业集群30家企业的问卷调查和深度访谈,总结了产业集群的非正式联系的三种类型,即企业衍生形成的非正式联系、人才流动形成的非正式联系、长期合作建立在信任基础上的非正式联系。通过进一步研究发现,不同类型的非正式联系对于集群企业技术创新有着不同的影响。前两者对技术创新的影响主要体现在技术信息与知识的传递,而后者主要体现在使企业之间产生了一种技术上的共同理解和认识,能够提高企业之间技术合作的成功率。     

SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究

 乌鲁木齐河源区发育现代冰川7条,冰川面积5.6 km²,并有大范围的积雪,冰雪消融期融雪径流对乌鲁木齐河贡献显著。应用SRM（snowmelt?runoff model）融雪径流模型来探讨乌鲁木齐河源区融雪期径流情况,利用度日方法,由流域本身特征及参变量获取方法的深入分析来率定模型参数,应用模拟指标Nash-Sutcliffe系数R²=0.702和积差Dv=6.81%来评价模型表现,研究发现：（1）气温、降水作为该模型的直接驱动变量对模型的模拟较为敏感。尝试对乌乌鲁木齐河源区的气温、降水数据进行IDW插值并进行修正,使得模型模拟精度提高,对模型变量的输入精度问题上提供了新的思路;（2）不同高度带上积雪的度日因子并不是稳定的,而度日因子的选取与调整对模型也非常重要;（3）模型本身的局限性也导致模拟精度的降低。结果表明SRM模型可在乌鲁木齐河流域推广应用,这必将对认识和利用乌鲁木齐河流域冰雪水资源具有重要意义。     

广东清远市再生有色金属产业集群成长动力机制

从资源、市场、政策、产业转移等角度,结合区位熵、半结构式企业访谈和案例分析等定量与定性研究方法,探讨清远市再生有色金属产业集群的发展历程、现状、存在问题及其成长机制,提出在产业集群的演化过程中,其成长的动力机制随着经济和社会环境的变化也在不断地演变。在产业集群的形成初期,除了传统要素外,历史偶然性和市场自发性为集群的产生提供了可能性;而在中后期,政府作为制度的提供者在集群的发展和演变中扮演着重要角色。具体而言,巨大的有色金属再生资源蓄积量和庞大的劳动力资源等内生资源优势,加上政府对再生资源产业和集群的政策扶持、跨区域产业转移的制度安排、有意识地引进和培育龙头企业等外生制度优势,内源和外源动力共同促成高端要素的集聚发展、产业集群转型升级、集群化生产网络和专业化分工的形成。这种欠发达地区经济崛起的内生性推动力,能为其他城市发展再生资源产业提供重要的经验借鉴。     

洛杉矶工业产业升级的主要经验及启示

随着世界进入全球化时代以及信息技术的广泛应用,工业发展的自身特点和外部环境都发生了变化,转型升级成为新的主题。本文通过研究洛杉矶从西部边缘小城市最终成长为全球经济中心的工业升级历程并深入探讨其成功经验。结果表明,选择发展具有前瞻性和潜力的新兴行业,并始终把握价值链的最高环节是洛杉矶实现产业优势的核心,而洛杉矶广阔的地域使得其产业选择具有多样性。同时经济行为背后的社会、制度关系也非常重要,洛杉矶宽容多元、创新进取的文化氛围以及有利于企业经营模式和产业结构变革的制度环境,共同帮助其实现地区产业升级。     

Aids For Graduate Study

China's industrial output is large and has grown rapidly since 1950. The communist government which took power in 1949 sought to decentralize industry to the interior. Analysis of gross provincial industrial output data based on information statistics indicated a period of increasing industrial concentration from 1952–1957. Thereafter gross industrial output decentralized. Specific industries, however, displayed different spatial patterns. Steel, for example, has become more concentrated, whereas chemical fertilizers and cement showed remarkably dispersed patterns. The patterns reflect a dual structure of industrial production comprised of large, modern, efficient plants and small, less efficient plants producing for local consumption.     

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.     

福州市三坊七巷历史街区游客意向空间研究

历史街区游客意象空间是游客对区域感知的具象化描述方式．本研究借助城市意象理论,探讨三坊七巷历史街区游客意象空间构成情况．首先采用深入访谈法,基于游客自身的游览体验描述,总结出游客意象空间因子,由坊巷道路、边界、名人文化景点、地标物以及非物质文化5个因子构成;其次借鉴相关文献资料,总结出每种意象空间因子包含的最具代表性的意象空间元素;最后采用问卷调查法,详细了解游客对意象空间因子及元素的感知情况,借以描绘出三坊七巷历史街区游客意象空间地图．研究发现,三坊七巷历史街区具有较强的“可意象性”,“历史街区游客意象空间”是游客对历史街区的一种逻辑思维结构,呈现出“街道突出,街区微弱”的特征．