Constructed wetland technology and mosquito populations in Arizona

Constructed wetlands and other aquatic habitat creation or restoration efforts offer both potential benefits and problems for arid areas. An unintentional consequence of these efforts has been the potential for an increase in local adult mosquito populations. Shallow water-emergent plant zones may provide ideal conditions for mosquito larval growth, and areas of high humidity, dense vegetation, and abundant birds and other wildlife may provide ideal conditions for adult mosquitoes. Three constructed wetlands in southern Arizona were studied over a period of years before and after they were constructed and operational. Mosquito populations were sampled using a variety of methods, primarily trapping of adults with CO₂-baited traps. Populations apparently increased, sometimes by several orders of magnitude, after wetlands became operational. Several methods of mosquito abatement were initiated and their results are discussed. However, no definitive conclusions can be drawn because no untreated areas were available for comparison and many factors that may have affected mosquito populations also changed. Based on the experience gained at these three sites, mosquito control is an especially important design and management component for constructed wetlands in arid environments with low background populations of mosquitoes.     

基于Creator和CAD的三维数字小区建模

城市仿真以其前所未有的人机交互性、真实建筑空间感、大面积三维地形仿真等特性，具有传统方式所无法比拟的优势。在城市仿真应用中，人们能够在一个虚拟的三维环境中，用动态交互的方式对建筑或城区进行身临其境的全方位审视。三维建模是城市仿真中的一个重要环节，本文以武汉市某居民小区为例，讨论了一种将Creator和CAD相结合进行三维建模的方法。     

A DYNAMICAL MODEL FOR URBAN HEAT ISLANDS

Effects of nonlinearity on theairflow past an urban heat island and precipitationchange downwind, are investigated analytically in thecontext of the weakly nonlinear response of a stablystratified uniform flow to specified heating. Theheating structure is assumed to be bell-shaped in thehorizontal and exponentially decreasing with height.The forcing to the first-order equation exhibitscooling in the concentrated low-level heating region.The linear solution component shows upward motiondownstream as suggested by many previous studies. Theweakly nonlinear solution component shows downward orupward motion downstream depending on the heatingdepth. It is proposed that when the heating depth islarge, but still within a valid range of theperturbation expansion, the linear and weaklynonlinear effects constructively work together toproduce enhanced upward motion on the downstream side,not far from the heating centre. This explains toa greater extent the precipitation enhancement downstream ofthe heat island than is possible from the linear effect alone. Itis also proposed that when the heating depth is small,the linear and weakly nonlinear effects destructivelywork together to reduce upward motion on thedownstream side, not far from the heating centre. Thisexplains to a greater extent the lack of precipitation enhancementdownstream than is possible from the linear effect alone.     

Influence of Building Areal Density and Roof Shape on the Wind Characteristics Above a Town

Flow characteristics in the lower part of theatmospheric boundary layer developing immediatelyabove building roofs have been studied by physicalmodelling under neutral stratification conditions. Thevertical profiles of velocity, turbulence intensityand Reynolds stress were measured in detail above amodel urban fetch consisting of parallel streetcanyons. Two different street densities and roofshapes were tested. It is found that the influence ofthe buildings on the oncoming wind remains confined towithin three overall building heights above ground.Furthermore, the effect on the wind at roof levelfrom the areal building density is relatively weak, butstrong from the roof shape. Thus, altering roof shapecan have a much more beneficial impact on urban airquality than increasing the spacing betweenbuildings. Moreover, these findings yield a novelmethodology for reliable prediction of urban airquality, by combining numerical mesoscale wind flowmodels with physical street canyon pollutiondispersion models.     

基于Microstation图形工作站的城区防洪图的设计与编制

本文从城市体系的构成出发，论述了城区防洪图的组成。结合《江苏省水利地图集》的制作，对该图种的用途、要求、资料使用情况及作业方法都作了简要说明；详细介绍了城区防洪图的编绘内容及表示方法。最后基于Microstation工作站，从符号系统、截幅到编绘效率及编绘过程中几个实际问题作了具体分析。     

基于FFII的城市旅游景观塑造:伊春市案例

城市景观是城市旅游的重要依托。文中应用旅游景观、旅游规划、景观生态和城市设计的基本理论 ,从发展城市旅游的角度 ,提出了城市旅游景观塑造的FFII概念体系 ,并对伊春城市旅游景观整治的案例进行了实证研究。     

中国城乡转型与特大城市地区规划和管理

本文以中国三个主要特大城市地区北京、上海、广州为例，重点探讨了中国城乡转型的动力、机制和效果，并提出了规划和管理这一过程的措施。     

广东省小城市规划管理信息系统的研究

本文针对广东省小城市的发展和规划管理的状况，探讨了小城市规划管理信息系统尖具备的系统功能，系统结构的建设思想，并以新会市为例，介绍了城市规划管理系统的主要特点。     

中国城市灾害的综合研究及新构思

城市是一个国家和地区的经济、政治、文化中心,是一个综合了社会、心理、地理、工程、功能、生态等学科在内的复杂系统工程,是人双重属性(自然与社会)的一个载体.面对现状及21世纪我国城市建设的挑战,本文认为不仅应研究优美的景观、平衡的生态、高效的功能及无障碍特性,还必须提高一个现代化城市抗御灾害的综合能力。“国际减灾十年”全球统一行动应同环境治理一样,成为衡量城市现代化的标志。     

中国大城市边缘区特性研究

本文通过北京、上海、广州、南京等大城市调查,在探讨中国城市边缘区划分的基础上,对中国大城市边缘区的人口特性、社会特性、经济特性、土地利用特性以及地域空间特性进行了研究。