关于城镇规划的哲学思考

本文针对城镇规划中出现的求大求全现象，运用对立统一的辩证观进行了分析和探讨，认为规划者和领导者在城镇规划和建设的各阶段过程中中都应进行哲学的理性思考，正确处理好规划建设中理想与现实的矛盾统一。     

京津冀城市群城市化质量综合评价研究

通过构建城市化发展质量评价指标体系,基于熵值法对京津冀城市群城市化发展质量进行评价,并借助耦合协调度模型对城市化发展质量和城市化水平的协调性进行分析,最终划分出京津冀城市群城市化综合质量类型。结果表明:1)从城市化发展质量所处阶段看,北京已进入后期完善阶段,天津则属于优化提升阶段,河北所有城市还处在低质量阶段。2)北京、天津的城市化发展质量和城市化水平为初级协调阶段,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊属于濒临失调阶段,其余城市为轻度失调阶段。3)北京、天津为高发展质量-初级协调城市,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊为低发展质量-濒临失调城市,其余城市为低发展质量-轻度失调城市。     

Assessing environmental justice through potential exposure to air pollution: A socio-spatial analysis in Madrid and Barcelona,Spain

The concept of environmental justice (EJ) has recently gained currency, both as a factor for and a goal of sustainable development. Its implementation in practice implies establishing current environmental injustice patterns and analysing planning policies, with the aim to reduce socio-demographic inequalities in the negative environmental impact borne by different population groups. This paper proposes a method to assess differential exposure to excessive pollution levels by socio-demographic groups in intra-urban spaces.The approach developed in this paper is based upon GIS and quantitative spatial analysis techniques. It incorporates the idea of an ‘environmental justice weighting scale’ for policy-making, using normative pollution thresholds to measure inequalities more objectively and consistently. Spain’s two largest cities, Madrid and Barcelona, have been chosen as case-studies, taking nitrogen dioxide as the pollutant, and the geographic distribution of six vulnerable population groups (children, elderly people and international immigrants) in the year 2010. The results reveal that a large part of these groups suffer exposure to air pollution exceeding the maximum permitted levels disproportionately, which would imply a case of environmental injustice.     

Dalit identity in urban Pokhara,Nepal

Urban migration by Nepalese Dalits has not only provided them with social, economic and educational opportunities, but also the possibility of escaping traditional caste-based discrimination. However, despite making the most of opportunities provided by the city, Dalits have not been able to pursue their political agenda to the extent of other ethnic communities. This study in the city of Pokhara, Nepal, explored Dalit identity using two rounds of focus group discussions involving a total of 23 individuals drawn from a range of Dalit caste groups with a variety of livelihoods. The results describe the caste-based discrimination experienced by the participants and the different strategies they employ to either reinvent themselves by changing names; or embracing their caste-heritage and taking advantage of affirmative action programmes. Whilst urban migration can provide some relief from discrimination, the study reveals that caste still remains prominent in the lives of Dalits in Pokhara. The paper argues that Dalit unity and elimination of intra-Dalit caste-based discrimination are needed in order to institutionalise their citizenship rights in post conflict Nepal.     

Urban agriculture and political ecology of health in municipal Ashaiman,Ghana

This paper examines the multiple processes that shape the use of agrochemicals and wastewater irrigation in Ghanaian urban agriculture. It further explores whether and how these processes present bodily health challenges for women and men farmers. Qualitative fieldwork was conducted in Ashaiman, a municipal area located about 30 km north-east of Accra, Ghana’s capital. Methods of data collection involved in-depth interviews, focus groups and participatory risk ranking and scoring. Conceptually, the paper brings political ecologies of health into closer conversation with scholarship on embodiment and gender. Overall, the findings demonstrate how specific urban agricultural practices are socially produced, how these practices come to affect the human body, and the long-term gendered consequences. One of the contributions of the paper is to draw attention to the nature and cost of urban agriculture in Ghana, a cost not in financial or environmental sense, but in the realm of embodied experiences of exposure to agrochemicals. The paper argues that the current problem confronting urban agriculture in Ashaiman, Ghana, cannot be adequately addressed unless understood as socially produced and historically determined. Further, the health impact of urban agriculture is not only a full bodily experience, but is also gendered. In the end, a case is made as to why gendered bodies demand more critical analysis in scholarship involving political ecologies of health.     

Fitting boxes to Manhattan scenes using linear integer programming

We propose an approach for automatic generation of building models by assembling a set of boxes using a Manhattan-world assumption. The method first aligns the point cloud with a per-building local coordinate system, and then fits axis-aligned planes to the point cloud through an iterative regularization process. The refined planes partition the space of the data into a series of compact cubic cells (candidate boxes) spanning the entire 3D space of the input data. We then choose to approximate the target building by the assembly of a subset of these candidate boxes using a binary linear programming formulation. The objective function is designed to maximize the point cloud coverage and the compactness of the final model. Finally, all selected boxes are merged into a lightweight polygonal mesh model, which is suitable for interactive visualization of large scale urban scenes. Experimental results and a comparison with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

北京地质大厦景观石的地质特征

北京地貌呈现"北京湾"特征,北山产铁,西山产煤,平原产地热。地质大厦院内东侧花坛摆放代表地球从老到新5个代(宙)的岩石,西侧花坛摆放阳坊花岗岩,体现了地质学为首都城市发展的贡献。太古代密云岩群表壳岩铁矿曾为首钢铁矿的主要原料,元古代雾迷山组汉白玉大理岩曾用于古都北京的建设,古生代马家沟组石灰岩中流出了优质饮用水,中生代窑坡组煤矿使西山成为中国地质工作的摇篮,新生代马兰黄土是中国最早研究的黄土,中生代形成的阳坊花岗岩曾用于北京1959年十大建筑的基石。     

Urban sprawl: neighbourhood dissatisfaction and urban preferences. Some evidence from Flanders

Early studies suggest that people living in rural neighbourhoods are more satisfied with their residential location than people living in cities. Consequently, most individuals seem to prefer low-density environments to reside in. More recent studies, however, state that rural residents are no more likely to be satisfied with their residential neighbourhood than their urban counterparts. In addition, a considerable, growing part of the population seems to have a clear preference for urban neighbourhoods. The results of our research, conducted in Flanders, Belgium, suggest that urbanites are more satisfied with their neighbourhood than rural residents are. Neighbourhood preferences differ less between urbanites and rural residents. However, there are differences indicating that urbanites have a preference for rural neighbourhoods and rural residents a preference for urban neighbourhoods. In sum, it seems that people, once they have selected their residential location, are not satisfied with the neighbourhood characteristics and tend to develop a preference for a different neighbourhood type. This mismatch can be partly explained by the strongly developed urban sprawl in Flanders, reducing the residential qualities of urban and especially rural environments. Restricting further urban sprawl, with the help of a more active spatial planning policy, seems necessary to increase neighbourhood satisfaction.     

Urban heat and residential electricity consumption: A preliminary study

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a well-documented phenomenon occurring in cities across the world resulting in city centres often being several degrees warmer than their surroundings. This local elevation in temperatures could potentially impact upon local energy consumption, with residents in the warmer central section of the city using more energy to cool their homes in summer and less energy to warm them in winter. This study uses a combination of Geographical Information System techniques and Remote Sensing data (MODIS LST and NDVI), as a preliminary investigation, to assess the spatial relationship between UHI, urban greenspace, household income and electricity consumption in Birmingham, UK. It provides simple and repeatable steps, based on freely available datasets, for urban planners, industry, human and physical geographers, and non-specialists to reproduce the analyses. The results show that, the present impact of the UHI is limited and instead highlights the dominance of household income over local climate in explaining consumption patterns across Birmingham.     

黄水河城市湿地公园的规划设计与生态保护

以可持续发展为基本理论,结合黄水河城市湿地公园规划设计现状,分析了黄水河湿地公园的景观构成、植物配置、生态规划设计等内容,阐述了黄水河城市湿地公园的建设对新郑市生态保护、优化人居环境、促进经济发展等作用,结合我国现阶段城市湿地公园发展现状,加强对城市湿地公园生态规划设计的认识,以期达到对我国城市湿地公园生态设计的了解和把握。