兰州城市建筑的空间分布

利用高精度卫星影象和大规模实地调查方法获取数据,采用GIS手段、景观生态学和数理统计等方法,利用建筑占地面积和建筑面积等指标分别研究了兰州市各区、功能区、各组团、各圈层现状建筑的空间分布与组合,以及城市资产、土地强度的空间变化规律。结果表明：住宅、工业、商务三类建筑是兰州市建筑的绝对核心类型,空间分布均衡而广泛,且工业建筑向外围迁移过程中存在全域分散化特征：兰州市各区建筑用途复杂程度、多样性和均匀性由中心到外围大致逐步降低,优势度逐渐增加,组团分布特征显著而强烈;建筑更新具有明显的全域化和快速推进特征;建筑用途空间组合、建筑容积率由中心到外围的空间波动性较为显著：建筑用途多样性、建筑容积率等指标高或低的“插花”分布现象相当显著;住宅、工业建筑更新与空间分化是城市建筑更新、建筑用途空间分化与组合及其变迁的核心动力因素,单位制模式的影响依旧强烈和深刻。     

基于国外城市群发展经验的哈大齐工业走廊的竞争策略

哈尔滨、大庆、齐齐哈尔三市在黑龙江省老工业基地中占有重要地位,建设哈大齐工业走廊是黑龙江省做出的一项重大决策,是充分利用本省优势,节约土地资源、改善生态环境、实现可持续发展的战略举措。大力发展哈大齐工业走廊城市群将对东北老工业基地的振兴起到重要作用。本文通过借鉴国外城市群发展的成功经验以及对哈大齐工业走廊发展中的症候的分析,提出了这一新兴城市群快速持续发展的竞争对策。     

Flows,system boundaries and the politics of urban metabolism: Waste management in Mexico City and Santiago de Chile

In this paper we examine two central concepts of urban metabolism (‘system boundaries’ and ‘flows’), and explore how to approach them as a means to politicise urban metabolism research. We present empirical findings from two case studies of waste management, in Mexico City and Santiago de Chile, looking at: the materiality of waste flows, the actors involved in them, and how waste flows relate to issues of environmental justice. We argue that urban metabolism, as a methodology to understand urban sustainability, has the potential to produce knowledge to trigger urban transformations, and to analyse the social, political and environmental aspects of waste management in urban areas.     

Farming the urban fringes of Barcelona: Competing visions of nature and the contestation of a partial sustainability fix

While the concept of urban agriculture investigates the way in which disused land within the consolidated city is returned to its citizens through a variety of farming practices, many pockets of rural land in peri-urban areas continue to be contested by institutions and communities – including informal farmers, formal farmers, municipal planners, metropolitan agencies, and investors – with contrasting interests. To date however, little scholarly attention has been paid to informal practices within the degraded areas of urban fringes and, more specifically, to the link between the expansion of peri-urban agriculture and the civic appropriation and negotiation of space in neglected peripheral areas. In this paper, we ask how a metropolitan sustainability fix is produced and contested both materially and discursively. We also explore how local residents involved in peri-urban agriculture claim the use of land for agricultural practices and in turn attempt to influence the urban agenda of the neoliberal city. Inquiring how competing visions of nature act as obstacles in this negotiation process, our analysis of the peri-urban Baix Llobregat Agricultural Park in Barcelona reveals that the imposition of official visions about how needs for food and agriculture should be fulfilled, which landscapes are esthetically acceptable, what nature is, and how land should be controlled and developed indicate why apparently “marginal” and informal urban agriculture in the periphery has come to be subordinated to the planning of the neoliberal city and of a metropolitan sustainability fix – a partial sustainability fix that is however progressively being questioned and renegotiated.     

Urban locations and Black Metropolis resilience in the Great Depression

Motivated by theoretical arguments about ethnicity and economics and by historical research on urban black communities in the United States, this paper investigates the resilience of the early twentieth-century Black Metropolis. The study tests hypotheses about changes during the Great Depression (1930–1940) in the advantages of various cities as locations of black communities’ ethnic economies, analyzing Census data on blacks’ representation in occupations reflecting the Black Metropolis’s professional, entrepreneurial, and cultural media pursuits. There is mixed support for the hypothesis that the nationally dominant urban centers of New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia had the most resilient Black Metropolises, a finding that casts doubt on claims that black communities in such key places enjoyed exceptionally favorable locational advantages. Yet, the results support the hypothesis that northern cities were, overall, more resilient locations than southern cities, particularly for black professionals and entrepreneurs, affirming the argument that the urban North’s Black Metropolises were vital economic opportunity centers for these black communities’ upper- and middle-classes.     

Urban environments as habitats for rare aquatic species: The case of leeches (Euhirudinea, Clitellata) in Warsaw freshwaters

Reduced biological diversity in freshwater habitats situated in urban areas has been discussed in numerous studies. Certain municipal areas, however, can help save animal diversity of freshwater invertebrates. In the present study animals were collected or observed alive in 13 freshwater environments localized in Warsaw - the second largest city of Central Europe - in a densely populated, urban building complex close to the city, and also in suburban areas. Leech assemblages in all the environments under observation were numerically dominated by a few common species, but on the whole 19 species were collected or observed. The populations of six rare leech species inhabit both flowing and standing waters in Warsaw. Five of these species are on the Polish Red List of Species and one is strictly protected. The shallow Lake Powsinkowskie is the richest freshwater environment in the studied area in terms of species richness and rarity and also one of the richest lakes in Poland. Taxonomic diversity in the environments under study seems not to be directly related to the size of the water body or the level of degradation but rather to the habitat complexity, especially the diversity of the bottom in littoral zone. Certain freshwater habitats located inside this great urban complex still create good conditions for rare, highly specialized species.     

职住分离的空间差异性及其影响因素研究

制度转型与空间重构背景下,中国大城市的居住与就业空间关系发生明显变化,职住分离 现象逐渐凸显。尽管城市地理学者逐步关注转型期城市居住与就业空间关系的变化对居民通 勤行为的影响,然而深入探讨微观个体所承受的职住分离程度的差异性及其影响因素的实证研 究仍然缺乏。基于对北京城市520 户家庭、806 个通勤样本的问卷调查数据,本文借助多元回归 模型验证了居住区类型、家庭及住房状况、以及其他社会经济属性等居民职住分离程度差异性 的影响,从而折射城市转型过程中宏观制度性及结构性因素(如土地市场化改革、住房政策、单 位制度改革、城市空间扩展等) 对个体日常生活经历差异性的影响。     

Commonwealth Urban Policy in Australia: the case of inner urban regeneration in Sydney, 1973–75

Urban regeneration has intermittently been identified within Commonwealth policy circles as central to the functioning of Australian cities since the 1940s. This paper adds to existing knowledge by exploring the role of the Commonwealth Department of Urban and Regional Development (DURD) in the 1970s in facilitating a series of urban regeneration projects in Sydney. Drawing upon ministerial correspondence and minutes recently out of confidential embargo, the genesis of a holistic urban regeneration agenda is explored. The paper traces the approaches to Commonwealth intervention at a time marked by disillusionment with the comprehensive redevelopment paradigm. It explores the relationships and tensions apparent between and within different levels of government in establishing a Commonwealth presence, focusing on three inner city neighbourhoods: Waterloo, Glebe and Woolloomooloo. The significance of the interventions is considered to lie primarily in the pioneering of an all-of-government approach to urban governance.     

楚雄市2008年城市热岛效应实测数据分析

利用楚雄市2008年实测气温数据和楚雄市气象观测站2008资料,分析了楚雄市2008年城市热岛强度的变化,并与楚雄市往年城市热岛效应做对比分析,得到了2008年楚雄市城市热岛效应的月变化和日变化规律;同时分析了热岛强度与地面风速、相对湿度、气压以及大气污染物的灰色关联度。结果表明,2008年楚雄城市热岛效应的日变化和月变化规律明显,热岛效应呈现出明显的时段性和季节性;气象因子中风速和相对湿度对热岛的影响明显,大气污染物因子中NO2对热岛的影响较大。     

湖南“3+5”城市群城市综合承载力评价

湖南"3+5"城市群城市综合承载力评价从人口、经济、资源、环境、城市基础设施以及外部支撑力6个方面入手,所采用方法为信息熵法。结果表明"3+5"城市群城市综合承载力呈现出明显的梯度差异,长沙市以综合得分1.715分居于城市群之首,益阳市为1.410分最低,且"3+5"城市群承载力总体状况不容乐观;经济承载力是制约城市群城市综合承载力提高的首要因素;资源、环境承载力低下成为城市群共同问题;科技创新与区际交流对城市综合承载力提升具有重要意义。