基于SWOT-AHP方法的海岛休闲产业发展策略研究——以舟山为例

文章采用SWOT-AHP分析法对舟山海岛休闲业的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战4方面设定指标14项,并进行研究分析,结果表明:舟山海岛休闲产业有良好的区位、资源和政策优势,舟山海岛休闲产业面临的形势,依次为:机遇、优势、劣势、威胁,产业优势和机遇处于利好位置,但同时面临着一系列如缺乏统一规划、产品特色不突出、缺乏完善的管理体制机制、竞争中同质化情况明显等问题。针对此现状及问题提出科学规划可持续发展、完善管理体制机制、强化市场宣传,提升知名度、倡导生态旅游,提升环保意识、加强产品创新及人才培养等建议,以促进舟山海岛休闲业的稳步发展,给舟山及我国海岛休闲业的发展提供一些参考,以实现我国海岛休闲产业的品质化与多元化,促进海岛休闲产业的蓬勃发展。     

云南城市经济影响区空间组织演变规律

对1990-2004 年云南省城镇发展差异进行分析,发现自20 世纪90 年代以来云南省城市综合实力总体呈差异扩大的趋势,表现出小城市发展缓慢且分化不明显,少数高位城市极化,在空间呈现明显的核心-边缘倾向等特征。其后,进一步展示云南省城市经济影响区空 间演化的阶段性规律：① 20 世纪90 年代以前云南省城市经济影响区被特殊的地理环境分割 成破碎且难以整合的小型离散化的格局;② 自20 世纪90 年代以来,随着地区工业化和城市 化加速进行,交通通讯网络的发育和辐射,中小城市得以发育,伴随于城市经济影响区空间 扩张与收缩,云南省城市经济影响区逐渐从单层离散分布演变为三层嵌套结构,并不断朝更高级的结构形态演进,即云南省城市经济影响区空间呈现显著的、由小规模离散分布阶段、过渡转型阶段到嵌套复合阶段的时空演化序列。最后,针对这种时空演化序列,笔者解析出云南省城市经济影响区在不同时空条件组合下的三种空间扩展类型：单向拓展类型、多向拓展类型和邻接扩展类型。     

不同指标下的穗港城市走廊潜在通达性及其空间格局

本文以最短时间距离以及加权平均出行时间两种指标,其中后者以未来人口数为其加权因子,在对广州至香港之间廊道状区域的陆路交通网络现状通达性数据进行计算的基础上,对其潜在通达性及其空间格局进行预测分析。由此得出,穗港走廊内部的陆路网络潜在通达性呈现出同心环状态分布的空间格局,其潜在通达性水平以环心为最优,逐渐往外层递减;两种指标换算成通达性系数进行对比,发现利用未来人口数作为加权因子之后,走廊南部在整个网络的通达性地位得到了提升,但走廊北部的通达性地位却受到了削弱;穗港走廊潜在通达性空间格局比现状更加收敛,整体通达性水平得到提升,初始通达性水平越低的地方,提升的幅度越大。     

北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨模拟的影响

首先根据2000年环北京实际的精细下垫面布局资料（500m分辨率）,按美国USGS陆面资料分类标准（25类）对其提供的全球30 s经纬分辨率（≈1 km）下垫面分类资料进行了更新设计.进而针对一个北京夏季暴雨过程,利用10:3.3km双向双重嵌套的MM5V3.6-Noah LSM陆气耦合模式进行24h数值对比试验,研究了北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨的影响.分析表明：新设计的陆面资料更真实地反映了环北京区域的下垫面结构,尤其针对北京城区面积迅增特征;同时还修正了原资料将亚洲中纬度区域落叶阔叶林下垫面类型归属为热带(或亚热带)稀疏大草原类型的问题.其在数值天气模式中的引入会对短期暴雨过程的发生发展产生重要影响.对此次暴雨主要降水中心的模拟,12h差值分布范围远达30km以上,中心值相对差异可达30%.研究发现在城市下垫面和大气相互间存在一个重要的相互影响机制,即由于城区面积的扩大会导致自然植被减少,进而会减少地表蒸发及相应局地大气水分供应、加深边界层高度并增强大气水汽混合,这不利于降水的发生发展.     

渤海海峡跨海通道建设对城市经济联系的影响分析

渤海海峡跨海通道建设将极大改变环渤海乃至整个东部沿海的交通格局,势必对其目标城市大连、烟台带来直接的经济影响,同时也会对辽东半岛、山东半岛乃至东北、华北和华东不同尺度地区的经济联系产生深远影响。文章选取山东省17个和辽宁省14个地级市的地区的生产总值、城市人口以及城市间的最短时间距离等指标,测度渤海海峡跨海通道建成前后,对山东、辽宁两省区域城市经济联系的影响。研究表明:渤海海峡跨海通道建成后,对大连、烟台间的经济联系强度有显著提高,各城市经济联系度的平均增幅明显不同;同时,受距离衰减规律的影响,两省的城市分别以大连、烟台为中心,根据距离远近及城市自身发展程度分为4个层次,经济联系强度由内向外逐层次减弱;从整体上看,渤海通道的建设对带动两省城市之间的经济联系度都有大幅度提升。     

Governance and technology transfer in the Clean Development Mechanism in India

Despite significant technological advances in emerging economies, the further development of clean energy technologies in developing countries remains crucial to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with economic development. In this paper we address two significant gaps in the growing body of literature that has assessed the role of the Clean Development Mechanism in promoting the transfer of clean technologies to developing countries. First, we present a qualitative analysis of the governance of the Clean Development Mechanism in India. This provides a basis for understanding the extent to which and the ways in which governance may impact upon the likelihood that projects promote technology transfer. Second, we provide a novel quantification of the level and nature of technology transfer that has occurred in Indian Clean Development Mechanism projects, based on insights from literature on technological capability building. We find that the Clean Development Mechanism in India has produced a negligible number of projects that promote technology transfer if technology transfer is understood as a process of learning about technology. Together these qualitative and quantitative analyses show how politics and governance have contributed to the current form of the Clean Development Mechanism market in India, in which processes of building indigenous technological capabilities have been neglected.     

最近十年来中国地理科学的进展

最近十年来中国地理科学的最重要进展有:自然地理学与人文地理学的平衡发展,人口、资源、环境的研究,遥感的应用与地理信息系统的建立,自然地理定位观测,青藏高原隆起对自然环境的影响,城市与城市规划,中国历史地理研究等。最近,并已开始研究气候变化与海平面上升对中国的影响,使我国地理科学研究紧紧跟上世界发展的步伐。     

A comparison of channel erosion in small urban and rural catchments,Armidale, New South Wales

Five years after the cessation of housing construction in a small urban catchment in Armidale, New South Wales, the stability of the channel bed and banks was investigated with the use of erosion pins. After eighteen months of monitoring, the rate of channel bank erosion was found to be 3.6 times greater than that of a nearby rural channel and the rate of knickpoint retreat was 2.4 times greater. There was, however, no evidence to suggest that the urban channel was inherently unstable, but that the increased rate of erosion was the product of changed runoff conditions associated with urban development. Both channels are considered to be in a state of equilibrium.     

Dynamics of fluvial and slope processes in the changing geomorphic environment of singapore

The nature and rates of fluvial and slope processes change over time and space as urbanized areas replace forested land in Singapore. Storm-based and time-based data, from undisturbed rainforests, heavily disturbed construction sites, urban grass-covered slopes and an experimental plot, are collected to observe the impact of rainwater on the soil moisture conditions, surface microtopography, runoff generation, sediment movement, and ground lowering in the three different categories of land use. The undisturbed forested environment is characterized by high throughfall (58% of total rainfall) and frequent negative soil moisture suctions. The slow and unconcentrated overland flow during heavy storms is restricted by the forest floor microtopography. No rills develop. Ground lowering is recorded as 3·2–3·4 mm a^?1. But sediment movement is episodic and suspended sediment concentrations in overland flow are 172–222 mg l^?1. During urban construction, gully development is rapid on the bare slopes, runoff generation, voluminous, and sediment-laden discharges (5200–75498 mg l^?1) lead to sediment plumes at channel mouths. Ground lowering rates are measured at 132·4 mm a^?1. Once grass-covered, runoff carries less suspended sediment (800 mg l^?1) and ground lowering rates are reduced, but depend on the condition of the cover, ranging from 0·2 to 8·2 mm a^?1. As urban development continues, environments are altered both in time as well as spatially.