Simulation of a mesoscale convective system over Northern India: Sensitivity to convection partitioning in a regional NWP model

Simulations of a mesoscale convective system (MCS), which propagated across Northern India on 2nd May 2018 - leading to many fatalities when the gust front knocked down homes and tore apart building roofs - have been performed using the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) Unified Model – Regional (4 km horizontal grid spacing), to evaluate the model’s convective treatments. Though the model captures many of the qualitative and quantitative features, it slightly lags behind the observed MCS organisation and movement, produces lesser precipitation, and lacks the spatial separation between two adjacent organised convective systems in the satellite observations – leading to a faintly offset MCS track. Sensitivity simulations are then performed, for this non-equilibrium MCS case, with different partitioning between parametrized and explicit convection to assess the reliance of the convective treatments on the large-scale environment, as well as to test the notion of a breakdown of convective parametrization at the mesoscale model resolution. Fully parametrized (FP) convection produces even lesser rainfall and are dominated by orographic precipitations along the foot hills of Himalayas with no any trace of the MCS. Fully explicit (FE) convection realistically simulates most of the prominent convective cells and enhance precipitation along the MCS track that agree better with the observations, though the ‘two lobes’ of intense precipitation are not resolved; instead it produces a squall line of precipitation. The FE configuration generates the most vigorous convective updraft, along with a vertical shear that is tilted westward. The simulation with partially parametrized and partially explicit convection resembles the fashion in the FP and FE scenarios, with a transition over the duration of the run from parametrized to explicit precipitation. The results are in line with the notion from previous studies; that the majority of successful explicit simulations of mesoscale organisation are those associated with strong large-scale forcing for convection, wherein resolved vertical motions are sufficient to minimise delays in onset.     

西双版纳纳板河流域生物圈保护区建设研究

通过对面积约2.6万公顷的西双版纳纳板河流域的综合考察,运用流域和生物圈保护区有关概念与方法,探讨了在该地区建立小流域生物圈保护区的可行性。以小流域为基本空间单元,采用地理景观的分室对策和开发与保护上的协调对策,对该保护区进行了初步规划。目标是对热带山地自然资源实行保护、开发、科研、科普和生态环境监测等的多功能科学管理,使该区的经济与自然资源能协调发展,以达到经济、生态和社会三大效益的统一。     

定向钻井技术引领 聚焦深地深海探测——勘探技术所“十三五”科技创新回顾及“十四五”业务展望

全面总结了中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所“十三五”期间在定向钻井技术及仪器、深部钻探技术与装备、海洋钻探技术与装备等方面取得的重要成果,主要包括：创新突破定向水平井钻井及中靶技术,助力海域天然气水合物第二轮试采实现了从“探索性试采”向“试验性试采”的重大跨越;牵头实施完成“松科2井”重大科学钻探工程,实现了理论、技术、工程、装备的重大突破;成功研发了首套国产深海井口吸力锚,解决了深海浅软地层井口支撑力不足的难题。同时,分析了目前存在的问题,并结合当前所面临的挑战,对“十四五”期间的业务发展进行了展望。     

统筹规划 强化应用 扎实推进国土资源领域信息化重大工程建设

信息化是我国"十二五"期间国土资源领域加强宏观调控和精细化管理的基础。金土工程一期建设完成了耕地保护国家监管、矿产资源国家安全保障和地质灾害预警、预报与应急指挥系统的三大系统建设,建成了覆盖国家、省、市、县级国土资源电子政务管理信息化系统,实现了总体目标。在国土资源部党组、部领导的正确领导下,国土资源信息化建设已经步入了越来越成熟的新阶段,突出的特点是实施了"一张图"为核心的信息资源建设。目前金土工程二期建设正在积极筹备。作者提出了新时期推进国土资源领域信息化建设必须遵循的基本原则。     

瑞典地籍管理对我国不动产统一登记的启示

建立和实施不动产统一登记制度是一项重大的改革工作和系统工程。将分散在多个部门的全国土地、房屋、草原、林地、海域等不动产登记职责整合由一个部门承担,做到登记机构、登记簿册、登记依据和信息平台"四统一",责任重大,任务艰巨。本文围绕登记机构、登记内容、登记依据和信息平台4个方面介绍瑞典不动产统一登记工作,通过借鉴瑞典不动产统一登记的经验,对我国不动产统一登记"四统一"工作进行了思考,提出了建议。     

浅谈山东“十五”地震前兆仪器的运行维护

对山东省"十五"前兆仪器的整体运行概况进行分析统计,发现故障多发于无人值守台站,且故障原因多数由于电源、通信、避雷等通用设备导致,结合形变、电磁、流体各学科在日常运行中的典型故障,提出了加强台站人员的责任心及日常性的检查、维护、经验积累是保证前兆仪器稳定运行的基础。     

Scaling of ground motions and its implications to plan-asymmetric structures

Ground motions are often scaled to certain convenient target spectra in the response assessment of structures. While uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) is more widely used, conditional mean spectrum (CMS) is recently proposed as a more desirable target for scaling of real accelerograms. In this backdrop, the present study spectrally scales, using wavelets, a set of near-field and far-field ground motions to both the targets, viz., UHS and CMS. Relevance of a set of useful ground motion characteristics, viz., the peak ground acceleration-to-peak velocity ratio (a_max/v_max), predominant period (T_p), Arias intensity (I_a), Housner intensity (I_H), cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) and significant duration (T_d^⁎), is reviewed. Influence of ground motion scaling is discussed in terms of possible changes of such identified parameters. Seismic demand of horizontally irregular structures is assessed under both scaled and seed records recognizing strength dependent stiffness. Threshold of the scale factor, shown to have well-correlated with the change of ground motion characteristics, may be as high as ~10 to adequately estimate torsion-induced amplification in asymmetric system without any bias.     

解读美国《总统气候行动计划》的动因

长期以来,美国因缺少联邦政府层面的气候行动计划而受到国际社会的指责。这一情况在奥巴马总统的第二执政期有所改变。2013年6月,奥巴马行政当局发布《总统气候行动计划》,被认为是迄今为止最为全面的联邦气候变化应对计划。本文通过梳理行动计划的主要内容,从美国自身和国际社会角度分析了该行动计划出台的各种因素及影响,指出奥巴马行政当局旨在通过启动该气候行动和整合行政资源,修复国家气候战略,提升政治影响,同时此举有助于扭转美国在国际气候谈判中的被动地位,并重新确立领导地位。     

中国未来地球计划的协同推广机制建设初探

本文在回顾科学成果传播方式与模式的基础上,以科学成果集成、网络传播和公众科学素养提升为出发点分析了当前科学传播面临的挑战与时代需求。基于对未来地球计划科学组织模式的解读,分析了未来地球计划成果传播模式的特点,并从科学研究、社会认知和科学决策层面探讨了科学成果推广和普及机制。有针对性地提出了充分引入利益相关者参与、推进创新科学成果推广机制与平台建设等科学传播相关政策建议。     

MapNotes的设计与开发

MapNotes是一个嵌入式的WebGIS基础平台 ,利用它 ,二次开发人员可以根据各自需求开发出各种具体的WebGIS应用系统 ,在Internet/Intranet上发布地图和各种与空间位置有关的信息。MapNotes采用的是典型的服务器端策略的WebGIS解决方案 ,它由管理系统 (MapAdmin)、GIS内核 (MapCells)和ASP包 3部分组成。MapNotes的开发采用了一种先进的面向对象的软件工程方法———统一软件开发过程 (USDP)