Synedra ulna var. repanda, a new variety of Synedra （Bacillariophyta） from Xinjiang, China

Synedra ulna var. repanda Q. X. Wang & Q. M. You, a new variety of Synedra (Bacillariophyta) from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated, and the characteristic of the variety: includes undulate-linear valves and straight pseudoraphe, differs from other species of Synedra.     

光照和温度对细基江蓠繁枝变型的生长及生化组成影响

实验研究光照、温度对细基江蓠的生长率及生化组成等指标的影响。结果表明 ,光照、温度及其相互作用均显著影响以上指标。在该实验条件下 ( 15～ 30℃ ,12 0 0～ 12 0 0 0 lx) ,细基江蓠繁枝变型 ( Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.liui)在光照为 10 0 0 0 lx,温度为 2 5℃时生长率最大 ,光照对生长的影响大于温度 ,而且在适宜的温度范围内 ,随着温度的升高 ,细基江蓠繁枝变型生长的光饱和点也增高。光强是影响藻红素、叶绿素 a及碳水化合物 /蛋白质比率的主要环境因子 ,它与藻红素、叶绿素 a含量负相关 ,与碳水化合物 /蛋白质比率正相关。温度则是调节蛋白质及藻红素 /叶绿素 a比率的主要因素 ,它与蛋白质的含量负相关 ,与藻红素 /叶绿素 a比值正相关。温度和光照对碳水化合物的含量影响不明显     

广东连州田心南方红豆杉种群的空间分布格局

应用样方法和方差v/均值m比的t检验、聚块指数等研究了广东连州田心自然保护区南方红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana var.mairei)种群的空间分布格局。结果表明其种群为聚集分布,但聚集程度不高;采用方差比率法(VR)检验分析红豆杉群落的种间相互关系,结果为VR1,χ20.95(N)Wχ20.05(N),表明群落总体是正关联,但不显著;采用Simpson物种多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分析南方红豆杉群落的丰富度,得到的物种多样性指数整个群落草本层灌木层乔木层的结果,表明群落处于相对稳定状态。结果提示,田心保护区的南方红豆杉现状为增长种群,受2008年初冰冻灾害影响后的自然恢复正朝着良好的方向发展。     

缩骨鲫(Carassius auratus sogu var.)MC4R克隆、组织分布以及与生长相关SNPs的筛选

黑色素皮质素受体-4(Melanocortin reporter-4,MC4R)是G蛋白偶联受体超家族成员,在能量调控中发挥重要作用。本实验采用同源克隆以及染色体步移对缩骨鲫(Carassius auratus sogu var.)MC4R基因进行克隆,对其核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,通过Real-time PCR对其m RNA组织分布进行研究,并对缩骨鲫MC4R编码区潜在的与生长相关的SNPs进行筛选。本实验克隆MC4R基因组基因长度为2854bp,只包含一个外显子,长度为981bp,共编码326个氨基酸,MC4R共有七个跨膜结构,是较为稳定的疏水蛋白。缩骨鲫MC4R与鲫鱼的MC4R氨基酸序列的同源度最高达到99.3%,与MC3R和MC5R同源度相对其他MCRs成员较高。缩骨鲫MC4R m RNA在脑中表达量最为显著,眼中次之,肌肉,卵巢和肾脏中表达较少,在鳃、肠、心脏和肝胰腺中微量表达。在MC4R的CDs区内检测到6个与生长潜在相关的SNPs:两个错义突变(A199G和A881C),4个同义突变(A123G,C231T,A444G和C480T)。本实验可为缩骨鲫生长和发育的分子机制研究以及遗传育种提供基础资料。     

半叶紫菜华北变种的丝状体成苗研究

于１９９６年６月－１９９７年５月,在采用半叶紫菜华北变种的丝状体（Ａ）和野生半叶紫菜华北变种的叶状体果孢子（Ｂ）,分别接种贝壳丝状体,采用室内培养方法,对壳孢子成熟,放散条件、大小及幼苗的生长发育进行研究。结果表明,Ａ的壳孢子较小,人,放散温度为１０℃;幼苗的长度在１０－２２℃的范围内随温度的升高而增加,幼苗的形态与温度无关,在１５－２０℃放散单孢子,Ｂ的壳孢子较大,成熟较容易,放散温度为１４℃;     

A numerical study of swash flows generated by bores

The dynamic processes of bore propagation over a uniform slope are studied numerically using a 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver, coupled to a non-linear k − ε turbulence closure and a volume of fluid (VOF) method. The dam-break mechanism is used to generate bores in a constant depth region. Present numerical results for the ensemble-averaged flow field are compared with existing experimental data as well as theoretical and numerical results based on non-linear shallow water (NSW) equations. Reasonable agreement between the present numerical solutions and experimental data is observed. Using the numerical results, small-scale bore behaviors and flow features, such as the bore collapse process near the still-water shoreline, the ‘mini-collapse’ during the runup phase and the ‘back-wash bore’ in the down-rush phase, are described. In the case of a strong bore, the evolution of the averaged turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) over the swash zone consists of two phases: in the region near the still-water shoreline, the production and the dissipation of TKE are roughly in balance; in the region farther landwards of the still-water shoreline, the TKE decay rate is very close to that of homogeneous grid turbulence. On the other hand, in the case of a weak bore, the bore collapse generated turbulence is confined near the bottom boundary layer and the TKE decays at a much slower rate.     

Redescription and taxonomic reconsideration ofNemertopsis gracilis var.bullocki Coe, 1940

Specimens ofNemertopsis gracilis var.bullocki Coe, 1940 collected from Huian, Fujian Province, China, are described. The variety is upgraded to specific level on the basis of: the dorsal surface having a pair of blackish brown longitudinal stripes meeting anteriorly with a broad transverse band of the same color; the proboscis having 11–13 distinct proboscis nerves in its longitudinal muscle layer. Project 39170111 and 39470097 supported by NSFC.     

Impact of Air Pollution on Genetic Material of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum) Exposed at Differently Polluted Sites in Slovenia

Test shallot plants Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum were exposed to field conditions at six research plots in the most polluted areas in Slovenia in the vegetation seasons in 1999 and 2000. The intention of this research was to evaluate the influence of air pollution on mitotic activity and frequency of chromosomal aberrations in meristematic tissues of root tips of bioindication plants. Significant differences in the mitotic index and in frequency of chromosomal aberrations at different sampling plots in pot experiments were found and the correlation between the ozone concentration and the mitotic index was determined. The results showed the presence of cytotoxic substances at chosen sampling sites, which caused the decrease of mitotic cell division and the presence of genotoxic substances, which resulted in the increase of frequency of chromosomal aberrations.     

细基江蓠及其繁枝变种的RAPD和ITS分析

对细基江蓠及其繁枝变种各12个个体进行随机扩增多态性(RAPD)DNA分析,对比多态位点比例、平均杂合度以及遗传距离,并构建UPGMA聚类图;通过PCR扩增出核糖体RNA基因(rDNA)转录间隔区(ITS),纯化后直接测序,利用生物信息学方法进行序列分析和核苷酸变异研究.比较分析结果表明,细基江蓠的杂合度和多态位点比例均高于细基江蓠繁枝变种,其遗传多样性相对较丰富;实验中8条随机引物扩增出特异的RAPD带,可用做细基江蓠及其繁枝变种的分子鉴定标记;ITS序列在这两种海藻中变异极小;RAPD和ITS聚类分析研究结果表明,细基江蓠及其繁枝变种均聚集为一枝,与同属不同种的龙须菜和真江蓠分开,提示细基江蓠和及其繁枝变种为同一个种,从而在DNA水平上支持了传统形态分类的观点.     

华北半叶紫菜丝状体细胞凋亡过程的初步研究

本文对华北半叶紫菜丝状体细胞的凋亡过程进行了初步观察并对这一过程中细胞超微形态的变化进行了研究。结果表明 ,丝状体细胞的凋亡过程是由分枝的端部细胞发生老化开始的 ,老化细胞的细胞内壁增厚 ;细胞核内染色质凝缩 ,核膜溶解 ;色素体片层结构变形、溶解 ;红藻淀粉电子密度显著下降 ,逐渐解体 ;胞浆中出现不规则形态的囊泡、髓样结构和结构特殊的小体 ;随着细胞的趋于凋亡 ,核、色素体、线粒体等细胞器相继溶解消失 ,细胞结构崩溃 ,细胞内壁明显增厚。细胞中的囊泡和髓样结构参与了细胞内壁的形成。本研究首次报道紫菜中存在细胞凋亡 ,并对丝状体细胞凋亡过程的生物学意义及髓样结构的功能进行了讨论