典型喀斯特岩性组合结构的流域水文干旱机制研究——以贵州省为例

水文干旱已成为全球气候变化背景下典型的自然现象,是气象干旱和农业干旱的延续和发展,是最终、最彻底的干旱。岩性是流域下垫面的重要组成物质,其岩性类型及结构控制着地貌及水系的发育、促进流域储水空间的形成,影响流域的储水能力,关系到流域水文干旱的发生。本文在贵州省选择40个典型流域为研究样区,利用面向对象分类技术,提取流域岩性类型的遥感信息;利用主成分分析及灰色理论,研究岩性类型及其结构对流域水文干旱的影响机制。研究表明:1)从岩性类型因素上看,流域岩性类型对水文干旱影响总体较大,影响从大到小排序(关联度)为:K(0.985)Z(0.96)0(0.924)J(0.922)S(0.806)D(0.788)ε(0.75)C(0.69)Pt(0.684)P(0.568)T(0.542);2)岩性类型的主成分因素对流域水文干旱影响从大到小排序(关联度)为:Z_3(0.48)Z_4(0.47)Z_1(0.44)Z_5(0.42)Z_2(0.39);3)岩性类型组合方式对流域水文干旱影响从大到小排序为:Ⅰ、ⅡⅤ、ⅣⅢ。     

四川龙门山构造带构造样式浅析

总结前人研究成果,综合野外实地地质调查、室内剖面制作,实例验证龙门山构造带构造样式、组合特征,提出有益见解。     

广南-富宁地区金成矿带典型矿床及地质特征

广南-富宁区是滇东南金矿主要分布区,为滇黔桂‘金三角’一隅,具有良好的成矿地质条件及成矿背景。研究典型矿床,了解、查明广富区金矿成矿特征和控矿特征,为进一步开展金矿找矿工作指明方向。     

Dynamic influence of Holocene characteristics on vadose water in typical region of central North China Plain

In the typical region of central North China Plain, vadose sediments are Holocene sediment strata. With samples from field drillings, the study analyzes the sedimentary characteristics of vadose zone. The study takes the content of silty sand as the basis for sedimentary environment analysis, and the content of clay and sand as the sensitive indicator for sedimentary characteristics. Combining palynology analysis, the study divides vadose zone from top to bottom into diluvia oxbow lacustrine sediments, lacustrine sediments, lacustrine and swamp sediments, weak palaeohydrodynamic lacustrine sediments and alluvial sediments. Based on the sedimentary characteristics of Holocene strata, it analyzes the changes across depth of vadose zone water potential and matrix potential, obtaining the influence of vadose zone sedimentary characteristics on the migration of water in typical region of central North China Plain.     

新疆典型流域积雪遥感信息系统数据库的建立

天山山区冬季积雪深厚,稳定积雪期较长,利用积雪遥感图象可以动态监测大面积的积雪变化,有效地调查大范围的积雪资源状况,积雪遥感监测和积雪遥感制图涉及多方面的资料,积雪数据库是积雪遥感监测系统必不可少的一部分。本文就新疆典型流域积雪遥感信息系统数据库的建立,数据库之间的数据格式转换,接口,可视化界面等进行讨论。     

长江三峡库区典型滑坡降雨诱发的概率分析

降雨是诱发滑坡发生或复活的主要因素。作者根据对长江三峡库区典型滑坡的分析，得到几个典型滑坡降雨诱发的阀值，并利用阀值分析了典型滑坡降雨诱发的概率。     

单指标经纬仪水平度盘偏心差的典型相关分析

本文运用典型相关分析的方法,对单指标经纬仪的多测回观测值进行分析,以发现其中是否含有水平度盘偏心差的影响。其结论与对仪器结构的几何分析是一致的。试验结果表明,该方法是一种有效的方法。     

地震设防水准对典型框架土建成本的影响

本文对按不同地震设防烈度设计的6层典型框架结构,计算了在不同地震设防烈度下的土建成本。对比分析结果表明,在地震设防烈度8度以下,如果将地震设防水准提高一个等级,相应的土建成本增加比例小于5．9％,而所增加的成本占房屋售价的比例小于0.3％。由此,在框架结构土建成本有较小增加的情况下,可获得地震设防水准1个等级的提高。换一个角度讲,在减少建筑面积很小的情况下,可获得房屋抗震设防水准1个等级的提高。     

The Method for Inferring a Buried Fault from Resistivity Tomograms and Its Typical Electrical Features

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been used to experimentally detect shallow buried faults in urban areas in the past a few years, with some progress and experience obtained. According to the results from Olympic Park, Beijing, Shandong Province, Gansu Province and Shanxi Province, we have generalized the method and procedure for inferring the discontinuity of electrical structures (DES) indicating a buried fault in urban areas from resistivity tomograms and its typical electrical features. In general, the layered feature of the electrical structure is first analyzed to preliminarily define whether or not a DES exists in the target area. Resistivity contours in resistivity tomograms are then analyzed from the deep to the shallow. If they extend upward from the deep to the shallow and shape into an integral dislocation, sharp flexure (convergence) or gradient zone, it is inferred that the DES exists, indicating a buried fault. Finally, horizontal tracing is be carried out to define the trend of the DES. The DES can be divided into three types-type AB, ABA and AC. In the present paper, the Zhangdian-Renhe fault system in Zibo city is used as an example to illustrate how to use the method to infer the location and spatial extension of a target fault. Geologic drilling holes are placed based on our research results, and the drilling logs testify that our results are correct. However, the method of this paper is not exclusive and inflexible. It is expected to provide reference and assistance for inferring the shallow buried faults in urban areas from resistivity tomograms in the future.     

红外热成像技术在震后房屋损坏快速鉴定中的应用研究.

本文引入了目前地震现场房屋快速安全性鉴定工作的辅助手段——红外热像无损检测技术,借用图像处理手段、数学统计方法等,探讨了震后房屋破坏红外图像的表现效果,分析了红外图像与各影响因素的关系.文中以汶川地震现场建筑物的典型震害为代表,重点分析了框架结构、砖混结构、简单结构房屋的红外图像表现.本文所涉及的建筑材料主要有水泥砂浆、钢筋混凝土、红砖、黏土、楠木、石棉瓦、水泥板等:表面装饰层材质有红漆、白色抹灰、黄色涂料、白色壁纸、红色瓷砖、白色瓷砖等.材料的物理性质不同,其表现出的红外图像特征差别较大.统计相关分析结果显示:图像的表现效果在下午时段优于中午时段和上午时段;晴天拍摄图像的表现效果最佳,雨天次之,阴天最差.同时,要考虑红外热像无损检测技术检测漏水破坏的优势,充分利用雨天对建筑物破坏的影响;光照射情况与红外图像表现效果的关系为:直面照射条件优于倾斜照射和不能照射;破坏程度相关分析统计结果显示,构件的“基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏”这3个破坏等级,随着破坏程度的递进,图像的表现效果增强;而构件的“中等破坏、严重破坏、毁坏”这3个破坏等级,随着破坏程度的递进,图像的表现效果无显著变化;对结构类型数据统计结果显示,底框架结构图像的表现效果优于砖混结构、框架结构和简单结构;装饰层材质分类相关统计分析结果显示,图像表现效果与材质性质、颜色、表面粗糙状况等因素有关.