Late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental and climatic history of a freshwater paramo ecosystem in the northern Andes

This study presents the first multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic history for northern South America based on the palaeolimnological reconstruction of a pond located in a dry paramo at 3570 masl. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the study area was under glacial conditions, then during global events Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), Bølling–Allerød (BA), and the Younger Dryas (YD), the pond expanded, accumulation rates and proxies for erosion reached the highest values, indicative of humid conditions, with maxima in humidity during the BA and YD. Dry conditions and pond desiccation occurred in the Greenlandian–Northgrippian and by 6010 cal a bp the area was transformed into the mire of today. Comparisons with records from other sites in South America indicate that changes in humidity are most likely controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone, mainly during the glacial and postglacial, and by changes in the Pacific Ocean, more pronounced after the YD.     

国外河口水文研究的动向

近十多年来,随着河口水文要素监测技术的现代化,物理和数学模型的不断完善,有力地推进了河口水文学的发展。本文从研究内容和研究方法两个方面对国外河口水文研究的动向进行了分析,着重介绍河口环流、河口锋、河口最大浑浊带研究的进展,并对现场观测、物理模型和数学模型等三种研究方法进行评价,可为发展具有我国特色的河口水文学提供借鉴。     

AN AGCM SSiB MODEL SIMULATION ON CHANGES IN PALAEOMONSOON CLIMATE AT 21 KA BP IN CHINA

The numerical simulation experiment of climate at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM.21 ka BP)in China is made by using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled with landsurface processes (AGCM SSiB) and earth orbital parameters and boundary forcing conditions at21 ka.The modeled climate features are compared with reconstructed conditions at 21 ka frompaleo-lake data and pollen data.The results show that the simulated climate conditions at 21 ka inChina are fairly comparable with paleo-climatological data.The climate features at 21 ka in Chinafrom the experiment are characterized by a drier in the east and a wetter in the west and in theTibetan Plateau as well.According to the analysis of distribution of pressure and precipitation,aswell as the intensity of atmospheric circulation at 21 ka,monsoon circulation in eastern Asia wassignificantly weak comparing with the present.In the Tibetan Plateau,the intensity of summermonsoon circulation was strengthened,and winter monsoon was a little stronger than the present.The simulation with given forcing boundary conditions,especially the different vegetationcoverage,can reproduce the climate condition at the LGM in China,and therefore providesdynamical mechanisms on the climate changes at 21 ka.     

青藏高原末次冰期最盛时的冰川与环境

在１６－３２ｋａＢｐ的末次冰期最盛时，青藏高原较现代降温７℃左右，降水为现代的０３－７０％。极地型冰川广泛分布，高原内部平衡线较下降值减至５００－３００ｍ以内，高原东部，南缘及西缘可能以亚极地型冰川为主，并有小部分温冰川，平衡线下降８００ｍ以至１００－１２００ｍ。初步统计，包括周围高山在内冰川面积在３５×１０＾４ｋｍ＾２左右，为现代冰川的７．５倍，冰储量相当于全海平面变化２４．２ｃｍ。其时，多年冻     

MODELING UNSTEADY TURBIDITY CURRENTS IN A STEEP NARROW RESERVOIR

1.IN~DUCTIONTurbiditycurrentisoneclassofflowsnameddensitycurrentorgravitycurrent(therHunterRouse(Yih(1980)),whichdePictstheintmsionofheaVyfluidintoalighterone.Usually,thedensitydifferencebetWeentWonuidisrelativelysmallandmixingacrosstheimerfaceoccurs.ThedrivingforceofdensitycurrentsisnotdensitydifferenceitselfbutthedifferenceinspeCmcweights.Turbiditycurrentisnamedwhenthedensitydifferenceisespeciallycausedbysuspendedfinesedimentparticles.Sincesediment-ladenflowcaninteraCtwiththelowerbou…     

Maximum snowfall at long-term stations in the U.S./Canadian Great Lakes

Heavy snowfalls can pose natural hazards in the North American Great Lakes region. Maximum annual snowfalls are presented from an extensive data base at 82 long-period-of-record stations. In the absence of site-specific information, these data should be useful to designers, planners, and resource managers in the region. A relationship exists between maximum snowfalls and latitude because the northern Great Lakes climate is cooler and drier than the climate of the southern Great Lakes. A relationship between longitude and maximum snowfalls appears to be based on the longitudinal variation of precipitable water vapor aloft. No apparent relationship exists between maximum snowfall and elevation when station data are analyzed without regard to data from lake-effect zones. However, when one lake-effect region was analyzed in detail, an orographic effect was clearly evident in both maximum and average annual snowfalls.     

井间层析成像的最大熵方法

本文研究最大熵图像重建用于地球物理学中井间观测问题,着重研究了剑桥算法.对算法中拉格朗日乘子的确定给出了新方法;解决了算法的收敛条件和收敛范围;提出了减少算法计算量和内存量的方法,并编制了实用程序MECT.通过数值模型的研究,最后重建出了某矿区的剖图,与BPT和ART方法的结果进行了比较.证明最大熵图像重建法的优越性在于能有效地抑制噪声,分辨率高,边界影响程度小.若改善观测条件,将提高最大熵成像法的分辨率.     

定点形变台站监测范围模式

本文根据我国前几年地倾斜清理确认的几十次大、中强震前的异常图象及云南省定点形变台站近几年观测到的几例短期前兆异常图象,选取不同震级的定点形变前兆异常反映最远的28例进行分析研究,得出定点形变台站对不同震级的最大监测范围模式,M=2.552logD-0.707(M为震级,D为震中距),经内部符合检验和实践检验,均符合这一数值模式的监测范围,证明此数值模式确立,具有实用价值,为今后定点形变台站的布设提出了又一依据,对震级和发震极大范围的预报得出了又一新方法。     

厚婆坳银矿区含矿岩系浊流沉积的初步认识

本文简要阐述了广东潮州厚婆坳银矿区上三叠统容矿地层,具有浊积岩的鲍马层序特征以及层面冲蚀、包卷纹理,透镜状层理、枕状(或称沙球)构造和泥砾等,浊积岩常见的沉积与同生变形构造的特点及其形成机制.指出矿区容矿层为浊积岩系,具矿源层特证.