海洋动力环境立体监测数据共享服务系统的设计及实现

以福建省海洋动力环境立体监测数据为例,在分析监测数据来源形成特点的基础上,基于分布式数据库、网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)等技术设计了一个海洋立体监测数据的共享服务系统,并详细介绍了共享服务系统采用的数据组织结构、总体框架、业务功能模块以及空间数据发布与服务的实现方法,最后给出典型应用例子的用户界面。     

Three-dimensional finite difference model for transport of conservative pollutants

A three-dimensional finite difference transport model appropriate for the coastal environment is developed for the solution of the three-dimensional convection-diffusion equation. A higher order upwind scheme is used for the convective terms of the convection-diffusion equation, to minimise the numerical diffusion. The validity of the numerical model is verified through five test problems, whose exact solutions are known.     

Effects of a high rise building on wind flow and beach characteristics at Atlantic City, NJ, USA

This study assesses the effects of a high rise building on the beach and dune at an intensively developed shoreline through field investigation of geomorphological and sedimentological characteristics and wind tunnel investigation of wind speed and direction. Results indicate that wind speed is increased close to the building, where wind is often deflected to a more onshore direction. Obliquely offshore northwesterly winds are the most dramatically altered and cause onshore flows (with pronounced upward flows) in the landward portion of the beach near the building. Onshore deflections in wind direction cause besanding of the boardwalk and create highly localized scour and deposition zones. A dune on the backbeach breaks up zones of sediment transport and scour and diminishes the likelihood that scour areas will cause increased hazard to landward buildings as a result of flooding. Generic large-scale studies are required to develop criteria for communities to use to specify optimum dimensions, locations and shapes of landforms that are modified or created by high rise structures.     

新冠肺炎疫情精准防控的时空间行为地理学研究框架

面向新冠肺炎疫情精准防控的重大需求,时空间行为地理学可以发挥其独特的学科价值。以时间地理学、行为主义地理学、移动性地理学等时空间行为的地理学经典理论为基础,以时空路径表达、活动的复杂情境分析、风险感知地图分析为核心方法,以时空间行为风险评估、居民时空间行为规划与引导、心理情绪引导与智慧社区治理为重点应用方向,尝试搭建疫情精准防控的时空间行为地理学研究框架。未来时空间行为研究应该立足人本导向、流动性导向和应用导向,突出时空间行为地理学在城市规划、城市管理、居民服务等方面的应用价值。     

2006年度地理学基金项目评审及成果分析

文章介绍了国家自然科学基金2006 年度地理学项目受理、评审与资助的总体情况;分析了在研的2003 年和2004 年批准的地理学基金项目执行情况,着重剖析了2003 年批准项目的成果产出数量与水平;阐述了2002 年批准的地理学基金项目取得的突出进展。     

The demographics of energy and mobility poverty: Assessing equity and justice in Ireland,Mexico, and the United Arab Emirates

Energy and mobility poverty limits people’s choices and opportunities and negatively impinges upon structural economic and social welfare patterns. It also hampers the ability of planners to implement more equitable and just decarbonization pathways. Research has revealed that climate policies have imposed a financial burden on low-income and other vulnerable groups by increasing food and energy prices, leading as well to global inequality. Similarly, researchers have warned that in developing countries, emission mitigation policies could increase poverty rates and even frustrate progress towards universal access to clean energy. This research explores whether low-income social groups experience a 'double energy vulnerability', a situation that simultaneously positions people at heightened risk of transport and energy poverty. We investigate this 'double vulnerability' through original data collection via three nationally representative surveys of Mexico (N = 1,205), the United Arab Emirates (N = 1,141), Ireland and Northern Ireland (N = 1,860). We draw from this original data to elaborate on the sociodemographic attributes, expenditure and behaviour emerging from energy and transport use, focusing on themes such as equity, behaviour and vulnerability. We propose energy and transport poverty indexes that allow us to summarize the key contributing factors to energy and transport poverty in the countries studied and uncover a strong correlation between these two salient forms of poverty. Our results suggest that energy and transport poverty are common issues regardless of the very different national, and even sub-national, contexts. We conclude that energy and transport poverty requires target policy interventions suitable for all segments of society, thus enabling contextually-tailored, just energy transitions.     

元胞空间分区及其对GeoCA模型模拟精度的影响

采用双约束空间聚类方法对元胞空间进行分区,在此基础上对不同的分区分别求取元胞转换规则,从而提高 元胞自动机的模拟精度。以杭州市土地利用变化为例,采用本文提出的基于双约束空间聚类的分区元胞自动机模型对 研究区域2000年—2005年的土地利用变化进行模拟,并利用逐点对比法和Moran I指数对模拟结果进行精度评估。结果 表明：(1)采用双约束空间聚类算法对元胞空间进行分区,可以保证同一分区内的元胞既在空间上邻近,又具有相对一 致的非空间属性信息,分区效果较好;(2)与不分区元胞自动机模型和基于空间聚类的分区元胞自动机模型相比,双约 束空间聚类元胞自动机模型具有较高的模拟精度,尤其是在空间形态和整体结构上具有较好的模拟效果。     

Effect of montmorillonite and humic acid on cotransport of g-C3N4 and lead: The role of triazine ring in lead adsorption and deposition in soil components

In the past few years, Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has been produced on a large scale and has been widely used because of its excellent optical properties and physicochemical stability. It is easy to ignore the risk of g-C₃N₄ transport in the environment, including soil and groundwater, due to the non-toxicity of metals. Based on this situation, we investigated the effects of pumping flow rate, ionic strength, and the presence of lead (Pb) on the transport behavior of g-C₃N₄ in quartz sand, montmorillonite, and humic acid-coated sand through column experiments. The retention of g-C₃N₄ in the media and the adsorption mechanism of Pb onto g-C₃N₄ were analyzed by FTIR and XPS. The results showed that fast flow rate and low ionic strength were favorable conditions for the transport of g-C₃N₄. The cotransport experiment results showed that Pb reduced the outflow of g-C₃N₄ by more than 50%. Contrarily, 6.95%, 0.43%, and 11.01% Pb were hindered in quartz sand, montmorillonite, and humic acid-coated sand due to the presence of g-C₃N₄. Compared with the uncontaminated media, the recoveries of g-C₃N₄ in Pb contaminated quartz sand, montmorillonite, and humic acid-coated sand were reduced by 0.34%, 5.86%, and 15.34%, respectively. Concomitantly, which were attributed to the special triazine ring structure and the abundant bonding modes with soil components and Pb, g-C₃N₄ particles were easier to deposit in montmorillonite and humic acid-coated sand, and could be used as the carrier to release 6.70% and 5.64% Pb from contaminated quartz sand and humic acid-coated sand.