Research on the Relationship between Active Faults and Earthquakes in the Junction Area of the China North-South Seismic Belt and Central Orogenic Belt Based on GIS

Research on the relationship between faults and seismicity in the junction area of China's north-south seismic belt and central orogenic belt based on the Geography Information System (GIS) has been done.For each of the 16 faults in this area,we build a 25km buffer zone and use overlay analysis to investigate the seismicity and its characteristics on each fault.The results unveil the main seismic faults as follows:the western segment of the northern-edge of the west Qinling fault,the southwestern segment of the Lixian-Luojiabao fault,the southeastern segment of the Lintan-Dangchang fault,the southwestern segment of the Wenxian fault,the Huya fault,and the Xueshan fault.The most active faults are the Huya and Xueshan faults,then the Tazang fault,the Lixian-Luojiabao fault and the northern piedmont of the Guanggaishan-Dieshan fault.The research zone can be divided into four areas according to focal depth,which gets deeper from north to south.The profile of focal depth indicates the geometry and mechanical property of faults,and further reveals the movement model of eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau and southeastward escape of masses,thus providing basis for the protection against earthquakes and hazard mitigation in this area.     

Time-related capture zones for radial flow in two dimensional randomly heterogeneous media

We consider the effect of randomly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity on the spatial location of time-related capture zones (isochrones) for a non-reactive tracer in the steady-state radial flow field due to a pumping well in a confined aquifer. A Monte Carlo (MC) procedure is used in conjunction with FFT-based spectral methods. The log hydraulic conductivity field is assumed to be Gaussian and stationary, with isotropic exponential correlation. Various degrees of domain heterogeneity are considered and stability and accuracy of the MC procedure is examined. The location of an isochrone becomes uncertain due to heterogeneity, and it is strongly influenced by hydraulic conductivity variance. The probability that a particle released at a point in the aquifer is pumped by the well within a given time is identified. We propose a new expression for the probabilistic spatial distribution of isochrones, which is formally similar to the analytical solution for a uniform medium and takes into account the effects of heterogeneity.     

基于RS和GIS的三江平原湿地景观变化研究

利用1986年和2000年遥感影像作为基本信息源,在GIS技术支持下,建立湿地空间数据库。选取斑块大小、分维数、景观破碎度、多样性和优势度等指标,对湿地景观空间格局的动态变化进行分析。同时利用马尔柯夫模型对该地区的湿地景观类型转换进行了模拟。结果显示,1986－2000年期间,该地区的湿地景观发生了显著变化,湿地景观趋于破碎化。     

Development and application of a coupled-process parameter inversion model based on the maximum likelihood estimation method

The coupled flow-mass transport inverse problem is formulated using the maximum likelihood estimation concept. An evolutionary computational algorithm, the genetic algorithm, is applied to search for a global or near-global solution. The resulting inverse model allows for flow and transport parameter estimation, based on inversion of spatial and temporal distributions of head and concentration measurements. Numerical experiments using a subset of the three-dimensional tracer tests conducted at the Columbus, Mississippi site are presented to test the model's ability to identify a wide range of parameters and parametrization schemes. The results indicate that the model can be applied to identify zoned parameters of hydraulic conductivity, geostatistical parameters of the hydraulic conductivity field, angle of hydraulic conductivity anisotropy, solute hydrodynamic dispersivity, and sorption parameters. The identification criterion, or objective function residual, is shown to decrease significantly as the complexity of the hydraulic conductivity parametrization is increased. Predictive modeling using the estimated parameters indicated that the geostatistical hydraulic conductivity distribution scheme produced good agreement between simulated and observed heads and concentrations. The genetic algorithm, while providing apparently robust solutions, is found to be considerably less efficient computationally than a quasi-Newton algorithm.     

吉林省“出海”通道及其开发战略研究

“出海”通道对于吉林省来说是经济对外开放和经济地域布局的重要因素。文章描述了“出海”通道的现状,对不同通道做了运输成本的比较分析,提出通道“闲置”的结论并阐述了其深层次原因,在此基础上讨论了通道与省区产业开发的战略。     

City vs Country: The demise of the brewing industry in country New South Wales,c .1898-1932

At the end of the 1880s, eight in ten breweries in the colony of New South Wales were located in country (non-metropolitan) areas, and these accounted for about 25 per cent of total colonial beer production. The number of country breweries experienced a dramatic decline after the 1880s, reaching only two by 1932. This process occurred in three more-or-less discrete stages: until about 1900, when internal restructuring reduced the number from about 65 to about 40; a decade or two after 1900 when, facilitated by the Sydney-centred railway network, city competition further reduced the number; and a period, mainly in the 1920s, typified by takeovers of country by city breweries. Additionally, the elimination of border duties after Federation introduced Melbourne competition to brewers in the southern part of the state.     

Occurrence of bed load transport in the presence of stable clast

It is well-versed that transport occurrence is vital for in stream rehabilitation, river restoration and installment of sediment sampler on river beds. Current practice emulates the use of continuous pre-diction using reach-averaged approach. However, prediction of transport occurrence entails the use of binary model through the execution of logistic regression analysis. Bed load and turbulence data were physically measured at mountainous region with divergent surface bedform in its presence. The para-meterization and statistical approaches are treated in the similar fashion with multiple regression except for the test for model fit and model selection criterion. The parameters on near-bed turbulence char-acteristics at the entrainment threshold were assigned as independent variables containing 15 pre-dictors. Almost 80 models were generated by selecting the best possible combination in accordance with the statistical precaution of alleviating multicollinearity issue. It is postulated that the model containing shields stress in the form of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at vertical direction and fractional time for second quadrant provides better estimation of potential location for greatest sediment-entrainment;hence a high possibility for transport occurrence.     

人文主义地理学蕴含的现象学——对大卫·西蒙《生活世界地理学》的评介

中国大陆地理学界对人文主义地理学与现象学之关系的介绍不甚充分,引介的文章数量十分有限,且多集中介绍段义孚先生的作品和观点。文章通过评介另一位著名人文主义地理学家大卫·西蒙的《生活世界地理学--动、静和相遇》,旨在促进人们更为深入地了解人文主义地理学。此书是人文主义地理学的代表著作之一,出版之际正值西方人文主义地理学盛行。全书共分为5大部分,其中第二、三、四部分集中了作者的学术观点,分别对应该书副标题中的“动”“静”和“相遇”。现象学是人文主义地理学的哲学基础,内容比较艰涩。因此文章结合该书提到的例子和经验中的例子,凝练出该书的重要观点,并使其形象化。文章评介该书的基本观点是：第一,该书通过抽象的现象学的概念和方法实现了对大量日常环境经验的描述;第二,该书内容对规划设计以及环境教育相关人士具有启发性和指导意义;第三,该书并没有实现人文主义地理学与“科学的”现代地理学的直观对比,因此尚未显性化现象学研究方法的优长;第四,以现象学态度反观本评介,本评介当然也带有两位作者的主体性。     

多样vs.分裂:论中国人文地理学发展的多元性及其挑战

从哲学、理论、方法和实践4个方面梳理了中国人文地理学内部的多元性,并区分了这些多元性的性质,即哪些是缺乏交流和整合的“散见”、哪些是需要统一和弥合的“歧见”、哪些是认识局限导致的“偏见”。据此建议加强中国人文地理学研究的问题意识和原创性理论研究;减少对“主义”的过度推崇和对方法的盲目崇拜;加强定性方法和定量方法的交流及论证过程的严谨性;在政策取向上取得“求真”和“务实”的平衡;提高学科发展的自信和对不同研究视角的包容。此外,应该在研究选题、杂志建设和奖项设置等操作层面推动人文地理学的理论整合。     

技术型新创企业的地理学研究进展

在辨析技术型新创企业的概念与分类基础上,从技术型新创企业的时空特征及其与区域环境的互动关系出发,梳理技术型新创企业的地理学研究成果。研究结果表明技术型新创企业在空间上更趋于集聚分布,其时空演变并非随机的,而是具有一定的连续累积性和路径依赖性;区域环境影响技术型新创企业的产生与发展,并形成了创业知识溢出理论、创业生态系统理论和区域创业系统理论三大代表性理论成果,而技术型新创企业可以提高区域生产和创新效率,开辟区域增长新路径,是区域创新系统实现动态发展、摆脱路径依赖和锁定的重要机制。同时创业企业家作为能动性主体,也能在一定程度上对区域软环境进行重塑和变革。最后在总结国内外研究进展的基础上,指出当前研究的不足与方向。