中国区域中心城市及其卫星城镇生活空间质量评价——以西安卫星城镇评价为例

国外对城市生活空间质量研究已成为城市社会地理学理论与实践探讨的核心问题,其评价的指标组成也成为城市社会指标体系中的核心指标部分。本文在借鉴国外对城市生活空间质量评价较为成熟的鲍氏(RichBoyer)九要素衡量指标体系的基础上,结合西安卫星城镇2001年的有关统计数据,首次建立了中国区域中心城市及其卫星城镇的生活空间质量评价的综合指标体系。进而从实证主义角度运用相关数据进行分析,对西安卫星城镇生活空间质量进行了综合评价。     

生态城市的指标体系及创建策略

生态城市是一个集生态环境保护、经济稳定发展，社会健康为一体的概念，从可持续发展的角度出发，利用生态学和城市地理学的观点，论述生态城市的概念和特点，生态城市主要有和谐性，高效性，持续性，整体性，区域性5个特点，采用定性定量的方法分析生态城市的指标体系，以沿海5个城市为例，对其生态化程度进行综合评价，提出了创建生态城市的策略。     

降水强迫对戈壁局地气候系统水、热输送的影响

用黑河实验中化音站（戈壁）加强期的湍流脉动场资料对降水强迫影响戈壁局地气候系统水、热输送的过程进行了系统分析。结果表明：降水强迫会使戈壁局地气候系统出现暂时的不平衡状态，要重新回到平衡状态需要通过物质和能量的重新调配来实现。该过程可划分为４个阶段，各个阶段间的感热、潜热和水汽通量均有较大差异。从近地层水、热输送特征看，受降水强迫后非平衡状态的张弛时段大约为４ｄ。在整个张弛期间，地表接收到的降水约有２／３通过地表蒸发后输送到大气，其余部分可能被渗入地下     

Lessons from the past for sustainability transitions? A meta-analysis of socio-technical studies

To break away from techno-institutional lock-in in climate change and in other sustainability problems, many have focused on innovation in technological ‘niches’. The destabilisation of the incumbent ‘regime’ has been neglected and external ‘landscape’ pressures under-analysed. With this in mind, this article examines the factors of regime destabilisation and forms of regime resistance in past technological transitions in energy and transport. It analyses 23 energy (electricity, heat & chemicals) and 11 transport (drive chain, networks, fuels & land planning) transitions pre-1990. Furthermore, in order to properly frame these results and make any “lessons from the past” applicable to the present, this article includes an assessment of current sustainability trends.The key lessons from past energy transitions are that regime outsiders with the right ideology and influence on the market can destabilise the energy sector, which has traditionally had strong incumbents. As incumbents are weakened, past transport transitions show that further change may come from emphasising the Health and Lifestyle benefits of sustainability transitions.     

Stepping from the wreckage: Geography, pragmatism and anti-representational theory

This paper draws out linkages between non-representational theory (NRT) and pragmatism. In doing so it sets NRT in a much wider, historical anti-representational movement. This should add momentum to its progress, and open up the considerable pragmatist and neo-pragmatist heritage as a resource for dealing with questions about methods, politics and ethics that NRT raises. Firstly I outline pragmatism and NRT to ground the discussion. Secondly the convergences between pragmatism, poststructuralism and the later work of Wittgenstein are considered. After that I go through a series of working principles which can underpin what is being termed anti-representational theory. These include; the primacy of life and action, pluralism, materiality/spatiality/temporality/relationality, anti-essentialism, creativity, collectivity, fallibilism, and disorder in method. I conclude by considering anti-representational knowledge production through radical incrementalism underpinned by witness and narrative.     

Encyclopaedic vision: Speculating on The Dictionary of Human Geography

Since the turn of the millennium, human geography has witnessed the publishing of an increasing number encyclopaedias and dictionaries as well as books under the headings of “handbooks”, “readers” and “companions” to different fields within the discipline. In the present paper, I take as a point of departure this encyclopaedic “frenzy” in order to speculate on the works and values of a long-standing and authoritative geographical companion, The Dictionary of Human Geography (DHG) [Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Haggett, P., Smith, D.M., Stoddart, D.R. (Eds.), 1981. The Dictionary of Human Geography. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (Eds.), 1986a. The Dictionary of Human Geography, second ed. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (Eds.), 1994. The Dictionary of Human Geography, third ed. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., Watts, M. (Eds.), 2000a. The Dictionary of Human Geography, fourth ed. Blackwell, Oxford]. Apart from being subject to regular book reviews, the DHG has escaped attention from geographers critically engaged in debating the works of the discipline. It is argued here that this is due to the fact that the DHG appears to have established itself as an apparently objective recording of human geographers’ myriad of interests. The DHG is, however, a product of complex webs of subjective, situated concerns and thus a version of the discipline deserving of debate.     

孜孜不倦为地理学发展而思考的人——祝黄秉维先生八十寿辰

本文从50年代自然区划、黄秉维先生提出自然地理学研究三个新方向、中国自然地理的编写及对北京大学地理教育的关心等几个方面回顾了黄先生为地理学发展而孜孜不倦的思考。     

内地-香港间客运联系研究

香港回归祖国,这一事件的发生,必将进一步促进内地与香港间的经济、政治和文化联系,而旅客往来将是这种联系的客观反映。另一方面,由于京九铁路、广深准高速铁路的建设,香港与内地联系所需要的基础设施已逐渐完备。本文对内地与香港间客运联系的演变过程和发展趋势以及主要城市间的客源潜力进行了分析研究。结果表明：改革开放以来,内地与香港间客运联系发展迅速,年旅客交流量自１９８０年的８４６万人增加到目前的７０００万人以上,平均年递增率达１５％左右,经贸发展是彼此间客运联系发展的最主要影响因素,属于单因素刺激下的增长类型;增长类型已由８０年代的高速增长型转变为９０年代中后期的低速增长型;地域联系的“向心性”特征明显,属于近距离空间运输联系类型,珠江三角洲地区是内地与香港间客运联系的主要客源地;铁路是彼此间客运联系的运输方式,承担３４的旅客交流份额,其它运输方式所占份额表现出上升趋势;内地主要城市与香港间具有一定的客源潜力,彼此间开行铁路旅客列车将具有一定的经济效益。     

《干旱区地理》1991—1995年载文的统计与分析

对《干旱区地理》５年的刊载论文的学科分布、栏目分布、出版时滞、篇密度、论文来源分布、引用文献等方面,运用统计与分析对比的方法予以回顾和总结,旨在对发表论文及信息质量作出比较客观的评估,以期进一步提高《干旱区地理》的质量。     

Dispersal patterns of the eggs and larvae of spring-spawning fish in the Irish Sea, UK

Many marine species produce pelagic propagules which, because of their life-history characteristics and the local hydrodynamics, can disperse considerable distances from the point of release. Distances travelled are affected by factors such as: release time and location, egg and larval stage duration, local environmental conditions and active swimming and settlement behaviours. Understanding such dispersal patterns is important for the design of effective ecosystem-conservation strategies. We used a regional scale, coupled physical-biological model for the Irish Sea to simulate the possible dispersal of eggs and larvae of five species of fish with contrasting early life histories (cod Gadus morhua, plaice Pleuronectes platessa, witch Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, sprat Sprattus sprattus and pogge Agonus cataphractus). The hydrodynamic model was forced with meteorological data for 1995, a year when extensive plankton surveys were conducted in the Irish Sea. A particle tracking method featuring particle release (spawning) and species-dependent particle development and behaviour was then run based on flow and temperature fields from the hydrodynamical model. Modelled larval distributions and settlement areas corresponded favourably with observations from field sampling. The settlement destinations (or onset of shoaling for sprat) were affected both by their initial spawning location and by the species-specific development rates and behaviours coded into the model. Eggs and larvae typically remained within 160 km of their spawning origin, although a minority travelled up to 300 km. Even in a relatively enclosed sea such as the Irish Sea, fish eggs and larvae can be dispersed over 100s of km. This provides a major challenge for the design of effective spatial management strategies if it is necessary to protect a species across its life-history stages. Further progress in the design of effective conservation measures for species or communities will need an integrated approach taking account of key aspects of early life history and behaviour.