Stepping from the wreckage: Geography, pragmatism and anti-representational theory

This paper draws out linkages between non-representational theory (NRT) and pragmatism. In doing so it sets NRT in a much wider, historical anti-representational movement. This should add momentum to its progress, and open up the considerable pragmatist and neo-pragmatist heritage as a resource for dealing with questions about methods, politics and ethics that NRT raises. Firstly I outline pragmatism and NRT to ground the discussion. Secondly the convergences between pragmatism, poststructuralism and the later work of Wittgenstein are considered. After that I go through a series of working principles which can underpin what is being termed anti-representational theory. These include; the primacy of life and action, pluralism, materiality/spatiality/temporality/relationality, anti-essentialism, creativity, collectivity, fallibilism, and disorder in method. I conclude by considering anti-representational knowledge production through radical incrementalism underpinned by witness and narrative.     

Numerical modeling of the flow and transport of radionuclides in heterogeneous porous media

This paper is concerned with numerical methods for the modeling of flow and transport of contaminant in porous media. The numerical methods feature the mixed finite element method over triangles as a solver to the Darcy flow equation and a conservative finite volume scheme for the concentration equation. The convective term is approximated with a Godunov scheme over the dual finite volume mesh, whereas the diffusion–dispersion term is discretized by piecewise linear conforming triangular finite elements. It is shown that the scheme satisfies a discrete maximum principle. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology for a coupled system that includes an elliptic equation and a diffusion–convection–reaction equation arising when modeling flow and transport in heterogeneous porous media. The proposed scheme is robust, conservative, efficient, and stable, as confirmed by numerical simulations.      

不忘初心,砥砺奋进,为新时代国家生态安全和东北区域农业发展贡献科技力量——中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所60周年回顾

中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）是中国科学院设立在东北地区的综合性地理科学、农业科学和环境科学研究机构和人才培养基地。2018年,东北地理所迎来了60周岁的生日。60 a来,东北地理所不断凝练科学目标,调整和完善学科布局与科研组织结构,推动了相关学科发展;强化人才引进和自主培养相结合,人才队伍结构和创新能力得到极大加强;瞄准世界科学前沿,取得了一批独具特色的重大基础研究成果,一大批有重要影响的技术成果取得突破并应用于国家生态建设与东北区域农业发展;发展和完善了绩效考评体系、成果转移转化机制和协同创新机制,和谐奋进的创新文化环境正在形成。     

“All transport problems are essentially mathematical”: The uneven resonance of academic transport and mobility knowledge in Brussels

This paper presents an inquiry into the capacity of transport and mobility studies to critically engage with contemporary policies. Drawing on the conceptualization of circuits of knowledge, the paper scrutinizes the extent to which transport policy agendas are framed around various approaches within academia. An extensive literature review reveals that the academic field of transport and mobility is organized around a hegemonic core of “neoclassical” and “sustainable” approaches. Meanwhile, a critique of these dominant approaches is emerging in an attempt to (re)embed mobility issues in urban political economy. This threefold knowledge typology visibly resonates within transport policy agendas in Brussels, where we detect a growth-oriented and largely depoliticized dual hegemony of neoclassical and sustainable narratives, with critical academic voices rarely entering official agendas. The paper concludes with a reflection on the difficulties, yet also the need to mobilize critical academic knowledge in the field of transport and mobility.     

人文地理研究回顾与展望——庆贺中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所成立60周年

人文地理学是地理学的重要分支学科,是区域地理研究不可或缺的重要方面。中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）人文地理研究一直坚持稳定的学科方向,具有紧密围绕国家战略需求的时代特征,聚焦不同历史时期东北区域发展重大问题,区域研究特色突出。东北地理所建所60 a来在农业和工业发展与布局、城镇化与城市发展、区域可持续发展、区域综合发展规划等方面开展了大量的应用与基础研究,取得了丰硕的科研成果,为东北地区经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。面向未来学科发展趋势和国家战略需求,东北地理所人文地理研究仍要围绕东北老工业基地振兴与可持续发展这条主线,重点研究现代农业与乡村振兴、新型城镇化与城市转型、产业结构调整与优化布局、国土空间规划与区域治理、跨境区域开发与经济合作、资源环境与区域可持续发展等重大问题,探索东北老工业基地人地关系地域系统演变规律,发扬人文地理研究特色,创新理论与方法,加强学科队伍建设,提升为国家经济社会发展服务的能力和水平。     

H市城区步行环境对两抢一盗警情的影响

以Walk Score、CGT模型为测度,用Pearson相关系数、广义线性模型、广义地理加权回归模型分析H市城区步行环境对两抢一盗警情的影响。研究发现：① H市城区可步行性对两抢一盗警情的影响可能以正相关作用为主,可步行性越好,两抢一盗警情案发次数可能越高。② 步行环境对于两抢一盗警情案发次数和嫌疑人居住地概率的影响可能均有空间异质性。在不同区域步行环境对两抢一盗案发次数与嫌疑人居住概率的影响各异。主要交通枢纽站及交通干道沿线区域步行环境较好,模型结果显示两抢一盗案发次数与嫌疑人居住概率也较高。具有较健全的安保系统,且对人员出入进行控制的高级酒店、商厦、旅游景区等区域步行环境较好,模型结果显示两抢一盗案发次数与嫌疑人居住概率较低。     

中国交通部门中长期低碳发展路径研究

交通部门在中长期具有很高的碳排放增长潜力,对我国低碳转型有重要影响。构建自下而上的能源系统模型PECE-LIU2017及其交通模块,设置未来交通发展的基准、NDC和低碳3个情景,深入分析交通需求背后的驱动因子及发展趋势,制定交通部门中长期低碳发展路径。结果显示,随着经济发展和人均收入水平提高,未来我国交通需求将持续增长。NDC情景下,交通部门有望在2038年左右达峰。在低碳情景下,我国交通部门2050年CO₂排放将从基准情景30亿t降低为6亿t,并在2030年左右达峰,为我国中长期低碳发展目标贡献17.5%的累计减排量。2016—2050年低碳交通固定投资需求为15.7万亿元人民币,占我国中长期低碳投资总需求的53%。通过提高燃油经济性、推广新能源汽车以及发挥城市公共出行最大潜力,交通部门能够以技术可行的方式实现低碳转型,并对我国长期低碳发展战略做出重要贡献。     

我国人文与经济地理学发展回顾与展望——变化大背景下我国人文与经济地理学发展高层论坛综述

2016年1月22-23日,“变化大背景下我国人文与经济地理学发展高层论坛”在北京召开,与会的30余位专家就近年来我国人文与经济地理学发展的主要进展、学科发展存在的问题和制约因素、面临的发展机遇、学科发展的国际化道路、发展的主要重点方向与前景等议题开展了深入交流和研讨。近年来人文与经济地理学蓬勃发展,当前面临着一系列发展的重要机遇,未来发展有着广阔空间。建立学术共同体,针对重大问题开展联合攻关和协同创新;兼容本土化特色与国际化道路,促进中国人文与经济地理学走向世界;推动各系列人才梯队建设和中青年人才成长。     

Lessons from the past for sustainability transitions? A meta-analysis of socio-technical studies

To break away from techno-institutional lock-in in climate change and in other sustainability problems, many have focused on innovation in technological ‘niches’. The destabilisation of the incumbent ‘regime’ has been neglected and external ‘landscape’ pressures under-analysed. With this in mind, this article examines the factors of regime destabilisation and forms of regime resistance in past technological transitions in energy and transport. It analyses 23 energy (electricity, heat & chemicals) and 11 transport (drive chain, networks, fuels & land planning) transitions pre-1990. Furthermore, in order to properly frame these results and make any “lessons from the past” applicable to the present, this article includes an assessment of current sustainability trends.The key lessons from past energy transitions are that regime outsiders with the right ideology and influence on the market can destabilise the energy sector, which has traditionally had strong incumbents. As incumbents are weakened, past transport transitions show that further change may come from emphasising the Health and Lifestyle benefits of sustainability transitions.     

内地-香港间客运联系研究

香港回归祖国,这一事件的发生,必将进一步促进内地与香港间的经济、政治和文化联系,而旅客往来将是这种联系的客观反映。另一方面,由于京九铁路、广深准高速铁路的建设,香港与内地联系所需要的基础设施已逐渐完备。本文对内地与香港间客运联系的演变过程和发展趋势以及主要城市间的客源潜力进行了分析研究。结果表明：改革开放以来,内地与香港间客运联系发展迅速,年旅客交流量自１９８０年的８４６万人增加到目前的７０００万人以上,平均年递增率达１５％左右,经贸发展是彼此间客运联系发展的最主要影响因素,属于单因素刺激下的增长类型;增长类型已由８０年代的高速增长型转变为９０年代中后期的低速增长型;地域联系的“向心性”特征明显,属于近距离空间运输联系类型,珠江三角洲地区是内地与香港间客运联系的主要客源地;铁路是彼此间客运联系的运输方式,承担３４的旅客交流份额,其它运输方式所占份额表现出上升趋势;内地主要城市与香港间具有一定的客源潜力,彼此间开行铁路旅客列车将具有一定的经济效益。