生态足迹分析理论与方法

可持续发展的量度问题是持续发展的重要课题。加拿大生态经济学家William和其博士生Wackernagel倡导的生态足迹分析法,以基于生态生产性土地的量化指标、创新的思路和方法的普适性而日益流行。系统地介绍了生态足迹分析法的理论框架、指标体系和计算方法,并通过介绍世界52个国家和地区的生态足迹具体地阐述生态足迹分析法的应用。最后,对该方法及其应用前景进行了评价。     

Modeling biodiversity benefits and external costs from a keystone predator reintroduction policy

In this paper, an economic model was constructed to determine the optimal wolf population and distribution across the Northern Rocky Mountains. Both ecological and economic concepts were incorporated in an implicitly spatial social welfare maximization problem. This interdisciplinary model relies on multiple data sources, including current wolf population and distribution information, opportunity cost to local landowners, and contingent valuation studies to determine willingness-to-pay for wolves. Economic models tend to externalize ecological concerns and ecological models often omit the complex human dimensions of conservation policy. Accordingly, this model can serve as a guide for integrating best practices from both fields. The model presented here is sufficiently general to apply to wolves in other ecosystems and to other highly interacting species such as beavers and bison. The Northern Rocky Mountain wolf was used as an example of how this economic model works, but this model can be applied far more broadly.     

The ecological features and significance of hydrology within arid inland river basins of China

 Hydrology and ecology are two important factors affecting the rational utilization of limited water resources within the arid inland basins of China. They depend on, are influenced by, and interact with each other. But, the functions and significance of the hydrological ecology vary from upper through intermediate to lower reaches. Abundant rainfall and large runoff in the upper regions favor the vegetation growth, and the bushy vegetation helps conserve water resources. The large-scale reclamation in the intermediate regions leads to many sustainable oases, but with severely changed hydrological conditions and destroyed ecological systems. Human activities result in the degradation of the vegetation and declination of the ecological system at the intermediate and lower regions. It is necessary to establish study approaches to ecological hydrology in arid inland river basins. Received: 30 October 1997 · Accepted: 26 May 1998     

植被混凝土生态防护技术在高陡边坡上的应用

针对工程活动形成的高陡边坡,采用植被混凝土生态防护技术进行治理覆绿效果显著。利用植被混凝土生态防护技术,对植被混凝土基材配方及技术指标进行分析,为施工做准备,明确了施工工艺的步骤及注意事项。通过工程实例分析,突显了此技术较高的应用价值及综合效益。     

特定模型与GIS结合的生态系统服务功能评价及分区研究——以黔北芙蓉江流域绥正道地区为例

黔北芙蓉江流域绥(阳)正(安)道(真)地区是以“三区四带”为核心的全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体布局中长江重点生态区的重要组成部分,是长江上游重要的生态安全屏障,对其开展生态系统服务功能评价及生态功能区划是区域生态系统全要素一体化保护和系统治理的重要基础。本研究基于水量平衡方程模型、RUSLE模型及NPP模型并与GIS结合,建立了区域生态系统服务功能评价与分区体系,在识别现有状态的基础上规划未来,使其各区域能更好的承担相应生态系统服务功能。研究结果显示:研究区生态系统服务功能重要性中等以上的面积为5 16611 km2,占区域总面积的7085%。研究区生态系统服务功能重要性整体较高,主要分布在道真县西部、北部和中部,正安县中部及绥阳县北部等区域。在指标提取与遥感解译的基础上依据生态调节功能、产品提供功能及人居保障功能对区域生态功能进行分区。针对各类生态功能区的主要生态问题,提出了生态保护方向与限制、禁止措施,并划分出6个重要生态功能区作为区域保护修复的重点区,为区域山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理等生态保护修复工程提供重点靶区与实施路径参考。     

Does patents on environmental technologies matter for the ecological footprint in the USA? Evidence from the novel Fourier ARDL approach

The outcome of patents on environmental (POET) technologies on the EF in the USA has not been comprehensively explored. Therefore, to close this breach in the literature, the present study discovers how patents on ecological technologies affect ecological footprint (EF) in the USA while regulatory for GDP and EC using the Fourier-based approaches. The conclusions of the present study reveal that POET are an important predictor of EF in the USA and cause a reduction in ecological deprivation in the long run; as expected, economic growth negatively affects environmental sustainability. The outcomes suggest that it is possible to resolve conflicts between the economy and the environment by using technological innovation. The USA government must reconsider its policy focus, particularly on coal energy sourcing and industrial energy, while continuing with heavy investments in its ambitious renewable energy technology development plan. Moreover, the government should continue to promote investments in environmental technologies.     

太湖富营养化与蓝藻水华引起的饮用水危机——原因与对策

[ZW（*][HT6H]〓收稿日期：. 〓作者简介：[HT6SS]（1963 ）,男,江苏苏州人,研究员,主要从事水环境研究.[WT6HZ]E mail:[WT6BZ]qinbq@niglas.ac.cn[ZW)] [HT4F][HT5K]()[JZ）] [HT5H][GK2] 摘〓要：[HT5K]2007年5月份发生在无锡太湖蓝藻水华引起的自来水危机事件进一步凸现我国湖泊富营养化的严峻局面和蓝藻水华频发的现状。从分析太湖富营养化发生、发展,蓝藻水华爆发的原因和机制入手,提出湖泊富营养化治理和蓝藻水华控制的途径和措施。研究表明,太湖富营养化之所以如此严重而且治理起来异常艰难,主要是由于太湖发育于长江中下游洪泛平原,营养本底高;由于水浅和沉水植被的退化使得频繁的风浪扰动造成内源营养盐负荷维持在一个非常高的水平;而流域内社会经济的高速发展,进一步加剧了太湖富营养化进程。蓝藻水华爆发一方面与蓝藻本身的生理特征有关,如固碳、伪空泡、光吸收及营养盐利用的能力;另一方面则与系统内物理、化学、生物环境有关,如独特的浅水湖泊水下光场结构和低的捕食压力。太湖的富营养化治理需遵循控源截污、湖泊生态修复和流域管理的原则,具体措施包括前置库和人工湿地的面源污染物控制技术;物理机械和生物去除内源营养盐削减技术;沉水植被恢复的湖泊生态修复技术。而蓝藻水华的控制技术则包括围隔拦截和导流的物理工程方法、絮凝沉降和抑藻物添加的化学工程方法以及生态浮床和生物操纵的生态工程方法。具体使用时,需要先诊断、后治理。  