从栅格数据直接建立拓扑关系的算法研究

本文提出了从栅格数据直接建立拓扑关系的思想,用跟踪过程中容易获得的拓扑信息来优化拓扑生成的算法模型,借以提高拓扑生成的效率。本文还提出用连通性区域填充的方法处理各种任意复杂岛的思想。     

利用联测IGS跟踪站方法提高GPS控制网起算数据精度

详细讨论了利用联测IGS跟踪站提高GPS区域控制网起算数据精度的方法,并介绍了将区域控制网框架和国际地球参考框架ITRF2000相连的方法,探讨了联测IGS跟踪站时应注意的事项,并根据实例对采用联测IGS跟踪站后对GPS网起算点的精度影响进行分析.     

Military training area in Kras (Slovenia)

 Slovenia's main military training area at Poček is located in the mountainous Javorniki Watershed. This is a karstic district without surface drainage or river valleys. The typical landscapes are conical hills and plateaus with many dolines. The lithology, tectonic structure and speleological data indicate a typical karst aquifer with underground water moving rapidly through fissures and conduits. Little attenuation occurs in such conditions and as a result there is a high risk of pollution. Tracer tests have shown that a significant proportion of the water recharging the Malni and Vipava springs comes from the vicinity of the military training area. As a result any polluting activities taking place within the military training area are likely to affect the two springs. This is a very serious matter as the springs have been developed to provide the water supply for the population of south-western Slovenia. Received: 20 April 1998 · Accepted: 24 August 1998     

累积危险度的动态演化及其与强震的关系

完善了累积危险度的强震危险地点跟踪预测方法,并对１９８９看以来首都圈及邻近地区累积危险度的演化进行了分析。结果表明,累积危险度的演化过程,反映了地震孕育及构造应力活动的过程;２次６级地震前,均出现累积危险度数值增大,震后扩散－消退;累积危险度高值区及其边缘地国可能发震地点。     

提取非金属管GPR图像的非线性技术

Non-linear Technique for Abstracting the Non-metallic Pipeline Image from GPR Section     

Vulnerability of headwater catchment resources to incidences of <Superscript>210</Superscript>Pb excess and <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs radionuclide fallout

Recent identification of elevated excess ²¹⁰Pb (≤302.6 mBq L⁻¹) and ¹³⁷Cs (≤111.3 mBq L⁻¹) activity in drinking water wells up to 20 m depth indicates some transport of airborne radionuclide fallout beyond soils in the Shaker Village catchment, Maine. Estimated airborne mass loading ²¹⁰Pb_ex fluxes of about 0.9 mBq m⁻³, canvass this headwater catchment and may be sufficient to pose risks to unprotected shallow wells. Inventories of ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs in pond sediments indicate maximum median activities of 943 mBq g⁻¹ and 40.0 mBq g⁻¹, respectively. Calculated ²¹⁰Pb_ex fluxes in the catchment soils range from 0.62–0.78 Bq cm⁻² year⁻¹ and yield a mean residence time of near 140 years. Measured ¹³⁷Cs activity up to 51.1 mBq g⁻¹ occurs in sediments at least to 5 m depth. Assumed particle transport in groundwater with apparent ⁸⁵Kr ages less than 5 years BP (2005) may explain the correlation between these particle-reactive radionuclides and elevated activity in some drinking water wells.     

基于真实结构的地表热辐射方向性计算机模拟研究进展

地表温度是地质学、水文学和陆面过程研究中的重要参数.由于地表的三维结构和异质性,大部分不同类型陆地表面均存在不同程度热辐射方向性现象.总结了基于真实结构的地表热辐射方向性计算机模型研究进展,归纳了真实结构模型中蒙特卡罗光线追踪法和辐射度方法的理论基础,阐明了两种方法的区别和联系,并从理论和物理意义上分别推导和阐释了其与几何光学模型及辐射传输模型的关系,指出了真实结构模型在算法效率、非同温系统蒙特卡罗模拟、参数获取、模型反演和应用等方面存在的主要问题,并展望了其在未来的发展趋势.     

Delineation of groundwater protection zones based on tracer tests and transport modeling in alluvial sediments

 Regulations aiming to protect exploitable groundwater resources were edicted in Belgium a few years ago. Therefore, prevention and protection zones are defined by law and must be determined practically around each pumping well or spring, based on local hydrogeological conditions. The determination of hydrodynamic and hydrodispersive parameters, characterizing the local flow and transport properties of the aquifer, requires pumping and tracing tests. The interpretation of these field experiments, considering the heterogeneity of the geological layers, is performed through the use of numerical FEM simulations of the groundwater flow and pollutant transport conditions in a deterministic framework. After calibration of the model on experimental measurements, multiple simulations with contaminant injections at various points of the modeled domain allow the determination of the transfer time of the pollutant in the studied aquifer whilst taking the updated heterogeneity into account. On the basis of the computed transfer times in the saturated zone, the various prevention and protection areas can be assessed based on provisions of the law. Received: 27 June 1997 · Accepted: 29 July 1997     

Hydrological tracing practice on underground contaminations

The hydrological tracing technique is an important tool for the risk assessment of problem sites, the so-called Altlasten (old underground contaminations). The penetration of leachate through the unsaturated zone, the transport velocity, the migration pathways, as well as the dispersion in the aquifer can be determined by tracing experiments. A wide range of tracers offer sufficient possibilities to get the necessary hydrogeologic parameters for any kind of Altlasten. This is shown by some examples.An English version of Hydrologische Markierungstechnik bei der Altlastensanierung in: Die Geowissenschaften, Weinheim 10(2): 199–205     

Sulfur Isotope Tracing of Ore-forming Hydrothermal Fluid for Metallic Sulfide Deposit

How to utilize sulfur isotope for many domestic and foreign researchers to trace the sulfur source of metallic sulfide deposit has been explored for many years. Fruitful results have been gained now. Based on summing up the characteristics of sulfur isotopic composition of hydrothermal mineral from metallic sulfide deposits, this paper illuminated the total sulfur isotopic composition of ore-forming fluids is the key factor in estimating the sulfur source. This paper also summarized three approaches about how to obtain the total sulfur isotopic composition (δ³⁴S_∑S) of ore-forming fluids. They are physical-chemical equilibrium analysis, mineral paragenetic association analysis and Pinckey-Rafter, respectively. We gave some applied examples and made a brief comment of them as well. There are three points worth noting. Firstly, choosing appropriate approach is a critical factor to acquire the δ³⁴S_∑S successfully according to the characteristics of different types of metallic sulfide deposit. Secondly, currently, these above mentioned approaches and applications are effective after the establishment of equilibrium state of sulfur isotope. As to the sulfur isotopic disequilibrium condition in metallic sulfide deposits probably resulted from lower temperature or rapid emplacement, there are quite some problems in theory and technique. Therefore, an in-depth study should also be continued. Thirdly, it is a new development trend to study isotope composition of different forms of sulfur and to discuss their source, forming environment and process respectively, which is probably more effective and significant for tracing sulfur sources of metallic sulfide deposits.