国家湿地公园旅游环境容量问题与调控——以杭州西溪湿地为例

国家湿地公园的旅游环境容量问题多来源于园区内部属性和游客行为之间的差异,国家湿地公园面积大、生态系统独特,园区空间布局、管理制度、主题商品与设施建设、服务方面的不合理、不完善导致了局部时段性的超载现象,宜采取以游客行为为导向的容量调控模式(TBCC),从加强园区自身建设和管理入手调控游客空间流动,从内部提升视角解决容量超载问题,实现游客体验、环境保护、科普教育等多功能为一体的湿地公园建设目标。     

中国资源型景区旅游空间结构研究

选取国家旅游局评定的4A级景区中的509处资源型景区为样本景区,利用地理数学方法的空间分析手段和GIS空间分析工具,从定量和定性两方面分析资源型景区的旅游空间结构。结果表明,资源型景区的空间分布类型属于凝聚型,区域分布均衡性很低,省际差异较大;高密度区域为长三角地区、北京及其周边地区、以西安为中心的关中地区和以洛阳为中心的中原古都区。     

Quantifying sediment storage in a high alpine valley (Turtmanntal,Switzerland)

The determination of sediment storage is a critical parameter in sediment budget analyses. But, in many sediment budget studies the quantification of magnitude and time‐scale of sediment storage is still the weakest part and often relies on crude estimations only, especially in large drainage basins (>100 km²). We present a new approach to storage quantification in a meso‐scale alpine catchment of the Swiss Alps (Turtmann Valley, 110 km²). The quantification of depositional volumes was performed by combining geophysical surveys and geographic information system (GIS) modelling techniques. Mean thickness values of each landform type calculated from these data was used to estimate the sediment volume in the hanging valleys and the trough slopes. Sediment volume of the remaining subsystems was determined by modelling an assumed parabolic bedrock surface using digital elevation model (DEM) data. A total sediment volume of 781·3×10⁶–1005·7×10⁶ m³ is deposited in the Turtmann Valley. Over 60% of this volume is stored in the 13 hanging valleys. Moraine landforms contain over 60% of the deposits in the hanging valleys followed by sediment stored on slopes (20%) and rock glaciers (15%). For the first time, a detailed quantification of different storage types was achieved in a catchment of this size. Sediment volumes have been used to calculate mean denudation rates for the different processes ranging from 0·1 to 2·6 mm/a based on a time span of 10 ka. As the quantification approach includes a number of assumptions and various sources of error the values given represent the order of magnitude of sediment storage that has to be expected in a catchment of this size. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

杭州湾南岸平原海蚀地貌的发现及意义

杭州湾南岸是我国近代海岸线变化最大的海岸带之一.前人曾利用史料、遥感、土地利用等手段对这一带岸线的变化进行过大量的研究.最近,笔者等在慈溪市滨海平原中距海岸线2～3 km的二座孤山—伏龙山和海王山发现了海蚀崖、海蚀沟、海蚀穴等海蚀地貌,从而提供了对历史海岸线位置有明确指示意义的地质地貌证据.分析认为此乃20世纪60年代...     

Influence of climate and tectonic movements on granite landforms in China

Present granite landform characteristics and distribution are the integrated result of climate, tectonics and lithology. Various types of granite landforms in China signify climate zonality and differential vertical movement of earth surface, while published research results on Chinese granite landforms are very rare, especially in international journals. Based on the process analysis of chemical weathering and physical disintegration, four granite landform regions in China are classified according to the present climate regime. On the Tibetan Plateau, the cold and freezing climate induced periglacial landscapes; the northeast region is characterized by physical disintegration and low round mounds are widespread; in the northwest region controlled by arid climate, wind-carved minor landscapes are extremely prominent. The most spectacular granite landscapes in China are presented in southeast as a result of longtime chemical weathering under humid and warm conditions, as well as the differential uplift after Neogene. Correlating the weathering crust in southern China, Tibetan Plateau and India, a possible unified planation surface in Neogene is proposed. With corestones as indicators of original weathering front, the differential uplift extent of dissected planation surfaces can be estimated. At least three landforms implying uplift can be identified in southeastern China, with elevations of 300–400 m, 2000 m and 3600 m above the sea level respectively.     

Types and spatial combinations of Danxia landform of Fangyan in Zhejiang Province

The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combinations have regular configurations along the northwest–southeast direction: typical grooves and caves are located in the northwestern Wufengshuyuan mainly; abundant fresh collapsed stones may be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions east, west, and south. Their spatial combinations reflect that the developments of Danxia landform have undergone stages of geomorphic cyclical erosion in the form of weathering, collapse, transportation, sedimentation and other processes, together with the “sculpture” of external forces mainly as tectonic uplift. The picturesque Danxia landform began its formation at that point. Danxia landform developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation (K1f) caused by the alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of the Early Cretaceous. Regular patterns of weathering of stones and features of braided alluvial phase sediments may be verified by the analysis of three groups of experimental data. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the “adolescent” development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

回应气候的山地城镇与建筑设计

回应地方气候与地理是建筑融于自然的主要方式,建筑因此获得存在于那个特定地点的充分理由以及地方性.应用山地设计和生态建筑设计理论,采取图解分析和综合演绎的方法,从山地建筑选址、布局、体形选择、通风、日照和景观等方面,探索回应气候的城市与建筑设计准则与策略,提出结合气候的山地城镇设计具体策略和手法,包括建筑选址、地域景观、通风防风、空间应变和节能设计策略等,为节能和生态建筑设计的理论与实践研究奠定基础.     

浙江方岩丹霞地貌类型及其空间组合

andform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the "adolescent" development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

陕北靖边丹霞地貌区红色砂岩地球化学沉积特征与古环境研究

陕北靖边波浪谷丹霞地貌区是近年来国内外地学界的新发现和持续关注点.论文通过野外地质调查、粒度分析,岩石地球化学分析等研究,探讨红色砂岩地球化学特征、沉积环境、物源性质等相关问题.研究表明:红色砂岩以中—细砂为主,SiO2和Al2 O3含量之和在85％以上,沉积环境为河湖相,为水动力中等,水面较浅的河流入湖三角洲河口区地...     

甘肃省张掖丹霞与彩色丘陵地貌的形成与景观特征

对发育在甘肃省张掖市境内祁连山山麓、白垩系中下统碎屑岩地层中的丹霞地貌与彩色丘陵形成的地层、构造、地貌、古地理环境和外动力条件进行了分析;将该地的丹霞地貌划分为窗棂状宫殿式、柱状式和巷谷式三类不同的地貌景观群,并分别描述了各类丹霞地貌和彩色丘陵的景观特征;从景观的典型性、美学价值、科考价值、观赏价值四个方面评价了丹霞地貌与彩色丘陵的科教旅游价值;认为张掖丹霞地貌既有南方丹霞之秀美、又有北方雅丹之雄浑,彩色丘陵色彩斑斓、绚丽多姿、气势宏大,这两种奇特的地貌景观相互衬托,成为国内独特的地质遗迹,具有极高的观赏价值和重要的科研价值,是旅游观光、绘画摄影、科普教育、科学研究和考察的最佳场所。