GMT联合高分辨率地形数据在FAST工程中的应用

近年来,国际的星载空载雷达项目已收集到海量的全球高分辨率地形数据。但是,这些数据在可视化之后才能被人们所直观认识。通用制图工具(GMT)是一款功能强大的开源软件集,主要用于地理空间数据的可视化表示,已在地球科学相关领域中得到广泛应用。文中阐述了地形数据在地球科学中的重要作用,介绍了在Windows系统下使用GMT对全球地形数据可视化的过程,并以FAST周边地区为例,对几种地形数据进行了质量评估,并简述了其在FAST工程中的应用。     

河北省太行山南段东坡第四纪冰川遗迹的遥感解译

利用大比例尺黑白航空像片首次在太行山南段东坡发现了大面积保存较完好的冰川遗迹如角峰、刃脊、冰斗、悬谷、冰蚀盆地及冰蚀槽谷等,经系统组合、配套后认为,第四纪时期,该区曾发育过三一四期冰川活动,第I、II冰期冰川属于山谷一山麓冰川类型,而第IⅡ、IV(?)期冰川则为冰斗冰川。本文详述了各类冰蚀地貌的期次,分布、类型及发育特征,为该区第四纪古冰川活动的研究提供了新的证据。     

论中国地貌图的研制原则,内容与方法—以1：4000000全国地貌图为例

该图以多层次表示法和表列式分解型图例,着重表现构造地貌为基础的内外力地貌成因、形态及其发展过程的基本规律。在内力方面,采用板块构造理论为指导,表现了构造地貌;外力方面,除表现传统的堆积成因形态类型外,辅以气候地貌的地带分异;而形态分类则利用DTM,对国土地形进行了基本形态要素的机助分析与制图,并引进地形起伏度概念,调整了传统的形态分类方案。通过项目研制,作者力求探讨一种符合现代地貌学理论,服务于科研、教学和国土整治的新型国家地貌图。     

则木河断裂带北段地震地貌及古地震研究

地震形成的构造微地貌是地震破裂在地表的直接证据,因此微地貌分析是古地震研究中的一种有效的方法。本文通过对则木河断裂北段大箐梁子一带发现的断层陡坎、断错冲沟、“搓衣板”地貌及坡中谷等地震地貌的研究,发现该断裂自晚更新世晚期以来至少发生过四次强震,其中历史上有记载的两次地震在地貌上也有所反映,说明在则木河断裂带上,强震亦具有在原地重复发生的特点。全新世以来,7级以上强震在原地复发的最小间隔约为1000年,其平均间隔约为1800年     

Danxia landform genesis of the Qiyun Mountain, Anhui Province

The Danxia landform of Qiyun Mountain is mainly developed on the red granule conglomerates named Xiaoyan Group (K2x1) of middle Cretaceous series, which is controlled mainly by three faulted zones, namely, Jingdezhen-Qimen faulted zone, Jiangwan-Jiekou compressional faulted zone and Kaihua-Chun’an folding faulted zone. During the Cretaceous period, this area firstly experienced massif subsidence to become a continental faulted basin, then having thick Cretaceous red sediments accumulated on it. In the supervened neotectonism, this area experienced an uplifting process, which made the thick Cretaceous sediments into a mountain with an altitude of 500-600 m. After undergoing the processes of vertical joint development, weathering, denudation and transportation, as well as evidently differential weathering and denudation influenced by lithology and structure between sandstone and conglomerate, the grand Danxia landscape consisting of peak forests, steep cliffs, caves, mesas, castellated peaks, natural bridges and so on formed. The three nick points located respectively at 585 m, 400 m and 150 m generally reflect the three dominated uplifting processes during the neotectonism.     

利用地震资料进行古地形恢复方法研究及应用

在讨论分析地质方法进行古地形恢复方法的基础上,研究了利用地震资料进行古地形恢复的技术方法。针对古地形恢复的几个技术关键问题:等时基准面的选取、压实校正系数的求取及差异构造校正进行讨论分析。综合利用各种基本地质成果,同时结合古构造、现今构造特点等,确定出研究区背景校正经验系数为0.2。就研究的方法对实际研究区目的层段进行了古地形的恢复。     

论川粤旅游产业的协作

旅游产业是一项跨地区、跨部门的联动性和带动性都较强的综合性产业。跨地区、跨部门的协调与协作是旅游发展的重要机制,也是实践的迫切需要。川粤两省旅游的资源、客源和需求既有巨大差异,又存在相互协作的空间、潜力和效益。从川粤两地景观资源互补、旅游客源互补、游客的需求等方面分析了川粤两地旅游协作的必要性与可行性,并指出存在的问题,提出川粤旅游协作发展的对策建议。     

Dating young geomorphic surfaces using age of colonizing Douglas fir in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon,USA

Dating of dynamic, young (<500 years) geomorphic landforms, particularly volcanofluvial features, requires higher precision than is possible with radiocarbon dating. Minimum ages of recently created landforms have long been obtained from tree‐ring ages of the oldest trees growing on new surfaces. But to estimate the year of landform creation requires that two time corrections be added to tree ages obtained from increment cores: (1) the time interval between stabilization of the new landform surface and germination of the sampled trees (germination lag time or GLT); and (2) the interval between seedling germination and growth to sampling height, if the trees are not cored at ground level. The sum of these two time intervals is the colonization time gap (CTG). Such time corrections have been needed for more precise dating of terraces and floodplains in lowland river valleys in the Cascade Range, where significant eruption‐induced lateral shifting and vertical aggradation of channels can occur over years to decades, and where timing of such geomorphic changes can be critical to emergency planning. Earliest colonizing Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were sampled for tree‐ring dating at eight sites on lowland (<750 m a.s.l.), recently formed surfaces of known age near three Cascade volcanoes – Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood – in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon. Increment cores or stem sections were taken at breast height and, where possible, at ground level from the largest, oldest‐looking trees at each study site. At least ten trees were sampled at each site unless the total of early colonizers was less. Results indicate that a correction of four years should be used for GLT and 10 years for CTG if the single largest (and presumed oldest) Douglas fir growing on a surface of unknown age is sampled. This approach would have a potential error of up to 20 years. Error can be reduced by sampling the five largest Douglas fir instead of the single largest. A GLT correction of 5 years should be added to the mean ring‐count age of the five largest trees growing on the surface being dated, if the trees are cored at ground level. This correction would have an approximate error of ±5 years. If the trees are cored at about 1·4 m above the ground surface (breast height), a CTG correction of 11 years should be added to the mean age of the five sampled trees (with an error of about ±7 years). Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geoeconom ic Processesin the Northwestern Adriatic CoastalPlain

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叶城县农业地貌类型评价

在对叶城县地貌类型、基本特征及其对农、林、牧业生产的直接和直接影响进行了综述后，探讨了不同地貌条件下，自然资源和合理利用和农业灾害的防治对策。