Quaternary glacio-erosional landforms in Laoshan Mountain and their constraints on the origin of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, east of China

A field investigation on Quaternary glacial landforms in Laoshan Mountain has discovered many glacial potholes, scouring grooves on top of granite ridges, and large boulders. These erosional landforms were formed by the meltwater from the overlying ice cap, suggesting that there was at least an ice cap covering Laoshan Mountain and the surrounding areas or even a continental ice sheet over the vast area of Shandong Province in the Late Pleistocene. The ice sheet was obstructed by the Laoshan Mountain, Dazhu Mountain and Xiaozhu Mountain in the coastal areas as it moved toward the Yellow Sea. The ice flows eroded the bedrock and carved the weak intersection of the fault systems in the NE and NW directions into a deep channel, which gradually formed a fjord in the area of the Jiaozhou Bay basin by 20.00 ka BP. The seawater gradually invaded the fjord from the beginning of the Holocene (11.00 ka BP) and Jiaozhou Bay was eventually formed. Similar fjords are easily found along the east of China and they share a similar origin because of the Quaternary glaciation in the region.     

不同天气背景下江西省气温日变化特征

利用2012—2020年CLDAS格点小时温度数据,通过插值、合成分析等技术,分析江西省不同天气背景下气温的日变化特征。结果表明：1） 江西省气温日变化曲线呈单峰形,整体上表现为06—15时为气温上升阶段,其中08—12时为快速上升阶段;16—05时为气温下降阶段,其中17—20时为快速下降阶段。2） 不同地形和季节日最高（最低）气温出现时间略有差异,平均而言高山地区最高气温出现于14时,较平原、丘陵早1 h;冬季最低气温出现在07时,较其他季节迟1 h。3） 不同地形大部分时段气温表现为丘陵＞平原＞高山,丘陵地区气温高于平原在12—17时最明显,温差为1—2 ℃,高山地区较两者低4—5 ℃。4） 不同天气背景下,气温日变化曲线仍呈单峰形,日最高气温大概率出现在14—16时,日最低气温在23时—次日06时各时次出现概率大致相同。气温日较差在有雨条件下最小,为2—3 ℃;晴天不同云量条件下,气温日较差最大,为6—8 ℃,阴天最小,为3—5 ℃;气温日较差在强降温天气大于强回暖天气。     

里下河地区全新世自然环境变迁

在区域地质调查项目进行过程中,以几个典型地质剖面和钻孔为基础,讨论了里下河区域全新世地层的分布规律,研究了地貌分布特征;探讨了全新世古植被、古气候与古环境变迁以及历史时期自然环境变化特征。里下河地区全新世自然环境变迁经历了4个重要的阶段:(1)10～7.5 kaBP,以湖沼发育为主,海水曾经影响到本区;(2)7.5～4.0kaBP,海水入侵本区,自然环境以潮滩、滨浅海、潟湖等为主,最大海侵甚至可到达运河以西地区,但里下河仍然有部分地区未被海水淹没;(3)4.0 kaBP～1128 AD,海水全面后退,岸线在范公堤一线曾做长时间停留,形成西冈贝壳砂堤,断续分布,海水时常影响西部地区;(4)1128 AD以来,由于黄河南泛夺淮入海,改变了里下河地区的地表水系,苏北滨海平原迅速向海推进,此后里下河地区远离海水的影响。     

Character,Age, and Ecological Significance of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits in Germany

Periglacial slope deposits (PSD) of Pleistocene age are one of the most widely distributed sediment types in nonglaciated mid-latitude regions. As diamictons of different genesis (geli-solifluction, cryoturbation, eolian transportation) they have a wide range of physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics which are mainly controlled by bedrock geology, including saprolite. This paper reviews concepts used in Germany to study PSD stratigraphy and describes the different PSD units encountered (Upper Head, Middle Head, Lower Head). The paper is relevant to the understanding of PSDs in other mid-latitude regions. Classical and new results concerning the age of PSDs show differences in the interpretation of Upper Head genesis. In terms of their ecological significance, case studies from eastern Bavaria illustrate the influence of PSDs on the character and intensity of slope hydrological processes as well as on the formation and distribution of soils. Presently important research questions include (1) the establishment of a genetically based classification of PSDs, (2) the intensification of dating studies on PSDs, and (3) the clarification of hydrological processes in PSDs.     

河南伊洛河流域更新世地貌演变及驱动评述

根据野外调查,结合相关文献,利用GIS制图与空间分析功能对伊洛河流域更新世地貌特征与演化进行了分析,在原有地貌类型基础上划分若干地貌单元,对各类地貌单元的海拔高度、坡度、面积及比例进行量算,并对地貌演变的气候与构造驱动进行评述,为区域早期人地关系研究奠定基础.结果显示,晚第三纪以来发生的新构造运动,在区域主要表现为间歇性的抬升,其对区域宏观地貌特征的形成起到决定作用.新近纪以来的气候冷、暖、干、湿的交替波动,在地貌发育过程中起到较小尺度下的修塑作用,主要表现为堆积、侵蚀等不同特征.伊洛河流域现代地貌特征的形成是构造、气候等因素共同作用的结果.尽管燕山运动奠定了伊洛河流域的地貌轮廓,但在内外力共同作用下,区域地貌不断演变,现代地貌特征逐步形成且仍在不断演化之中.     

ISSUES CONFRONTING GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATORS IN EUROPE AND THE U.S.S.R.

Bedrock forms of etch origin result from the interaction of groundwaters and bedrock at the weathering front at the base of the regolith. They are significant for general theories of landscape and landform genesis because they are azonal with respect both to climate and lithology. Two stages of etch form development are recognized: one involves weathering and the formation of a regolith; the second consists of stripping of the regolith and the exposure of the bedrock forms. Although etch forms have been recognized for some two centuries, the concept of etching as a process of landform development has been neglected, particularly in North America.     

滇西南地区汉母坝-澜沧断裂晚第四纪构造活动的地质地貌证据

通过对汗母坝-澜沧断裂晚第四纪地质、地貌实地调查与测量,并结合前人研究成果,讨论了该断裂晚第四纪最新构造活动特征。综合分析认为,汗母坝-澜沧断裂为一条以右旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂,长约120 km,整体走向NNW。该断裂活动习性具有明显的分段特征,北段称为汗母坝断裂,是1988年耿马7.2级地震的发震断裂;南段称为澜沧断裂,是1988年澜沧7.6级地震的发震断裂之一。晚第四纪以来其新活动形成了丰富的断错地貌现象,如冲沟和山脊右旋位错、断层沟槽、断层垭口、断层陡坎、断陷凹坑等。根据断裂断错地貌特征的相应资料估计,该断裂晚第四纪右旋走滑速率约为(4.7±0.5) mm/a。     

论明代对云南岩溶地貌的地理探索与认识

地理探索与认识是古代人类扩大视野的重要途径。明朝在云南实施政治措施、军事行动、移民政策等,为明代士人对云南地理考察与记载提供基础。明代士人游历滇云写下大量的诗歌、游记、史志等,对云南地形地貌记在颇多,其中对滇东、滇西地表、地下岩溶地貌描述详实。明代士人依据云南岩溶地貌类型不同对其分类记载,并对岩溶地貌的形成原因初步探析。明人对溶洞的考察方法值得今人借鉴。旅游风气兴盛、政治措施得当、教育范围扩大、方志兴修等是明代云南岩溶地貌探索的重要原因。     

浙江黄岩富山地区古崩塌地貌发育机制

利用野外综合考察和岩石样品的室内分析资料,对浙江黄岩富山地区古崩塌地貌发育机制进行了研究。结果表明研究区自晚侏罗世以来经历了火山沉积和岩浆侵入阶段,形成花岗斑岩。新构造运动使本区发生间歇性抬升,岩石受构造应力和风化剥蚀的共同影响,形成多组垂直节理和水平节理。本区特定的地貌、岩性和节理裂隙以及丰富的降水和风化作用等条件,形成了一线天、陡崖壁、嶂谷、峡谷、巷谷、瀑布、巨石川、崩塌岩洞等古崩塌地貌。