复杂山地低信噪比地震资料处理方法

宜阳复杂山地地震资料的特点是静校正量大,信噪比低。针对该区的特点,在资料处理中采用建立全区统一浮动基准面与折射静校正方法解决静校正问题;运用叠前去噪技术、目标速度分析、DMO技术、优化迭代叠加技术、F-X域信号增强去噪技术,同时,优化处理流程,精选处理参数,取得了明显效果。     

Human impact in a tourist karstic cave (Aracena, Spain)

 Human intrusion on the Cave of Marvels (southwestern Spain) has produced a series of effects on the water (fall in the level of the pools due to pumping from nearby wells), the air (increased temperature and CO₂ concentration as well as decreased relative humidity) and the rock. In addition, plant colonization, favored by the lighting system, has irreversibly altered numerous speleothems. The processes of degradation are especially intense in the sectors with less air volume and limited ventilation. The analysis of the cave deposits by scanning electron microscopy and thin section analysis revealed that floral pollution constitutes one of the most aggressive agents against the calcite and aragonite precipitates, being responsible for biochemical and biophysical degradation of the first order. Received: 18 December 1995 · Accepted 10 September 1996     

风沙物理学的发展与展望

介绍了风沙物理学研究在土壤风蚀、沙粒跃移和风沙流结构等方面取得的一些进展。展望了风沙物理学在地表风蚀、沙物质的风力搬运和沉积、风成地貌理论和相似理论、风沙工程理论与应用等研究领域的发展前景。针对我国的实际情况,提出了加强风沙物理学研究的建议。     

佼木溪沟谷地貌与林木生长的探讨

佼木溪位于武陵山腹地。境内沟谷纵横,岭脊镶嵌分布,由于山文结构、山体高度与幅度以及流域形势的影响,不同沟坡林木生境各异。不同林种覆盖区对谷坡过程的反作用差异明显。如何选择与人工林适宜的生境条件,并力求林分结构合理,属一值得重视的问题。     

Environmental management of tourist caves

In terms of the flow of energy or mass, caves may be nearly closed systems. From the perspective of environmental protection and tourist cave management there are three categories: (1) caves where the natural energy fluxes far exceed those created by visitors, with the consequence that their environmental parameters are not affected by development (e.g., caves subject to frequent flooding); (2) caves where natural and tourist energy fluxes are of similar magnitude, where environmental parameters respond to visitors but return to their natural equilibrium afterwards; and (3) caves where visitor fluxes far exceed the natural fluxes, so that natural environmental equilibrium may be destroyed. The aim of responsible management is to limit the introduced fluxes to those that will not destroy the natural equilibrium established in such parameters as temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ concentration, etc. A visitor capacity criterion is defined, and measured effects of visitors are demonstrated at Grotte di Castellana and Grotta Grande del Vento, category 2 caves that are the principal tourist caves of Italy.     

俄罗斯旅游地理研究

俄罗斯是世界重要的旅游国。本文从旅游地理的角度，分析了俄罗斯旅游业的发展特点，旅游资源的开发利用，并根据旅游资源特点和主要旅游职能进行旅游区划。     

黄山旅游地貌新探

从地学观点,对黄山旅游地貌的形成和演变过程,作较深入的探讨。不仅剖析了奇峰、怪石、温泉、洞穴的形成,对黄山变幻云海和苍劲古松也作了有新意的阐述。     

Weathering Pits as Indicators of the Relative Age of Granite Surfaces in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland

Weathering pits 1–140 cm deep occur on granite surfaces in the Cairngorms associated with a range of landforms, including tors, glacially exposed slabs, large erratics and blockfields. Pit depth is positively correlated with cosmogenic exposure age, and both measures show consistent relationships on individual rock landforms. Rates of pit deepening are non‐linear and a best fit is provided by the sigmoidal function D = b1 + exp(b2+b3/t). The deepest pits occur on unmodified tor summits, where ¹⁰Be exposure ages indicate that surfaces have been exposed to weathering for a minimum of 52–297 ka. Glacially exposed surfaces with pits 10–46 cm deep have given ¹⁰Be exposure durations of 21–79 ka, indicating exposure by glacial erosion before the last glacial cycle. The combination of cosmogenic exposure ages with weathering pit depths greatly extends the area over which inferences can be made regarding the ages of granite surfaces in the Cairngorms. Well‐developed weathering pits on glacially exposed surfaces in other granite areas are potential indicators of glacial erosion before the Last Glacial Maximum.     

赤峰等地第四纪大陆冰川的地貌证据

近年来，中国赤峰等地相继发现第四纪冰川遗迹，为第四纪大陆冰川作用的重新讨论提供了新的地貌证据。这些证据主要有：冰臼、冰蚀残丘、古冰斗、刃脊和角峰等。冰臼的相继报道曾经引起“冰蚀成因”与“风蚀成因”的大讨论，而恰恰是这些引起争论的冰臼引发了笔者对中国境内第四纪大陆冰川的重新思考。经过近几年的实地考察研究，笔者认为：中国境内所报道的绝大部分“冰臼”确实是冰川作用的结果。其中，发现于中国北方花岗岩山脊上的冰臼是典型的大陆冰川作用的结果。内蒙古赤峰北部阿斯哈图石林是典型的冰蚀残丘，而花岗岩中与地面平行的“节理”——剥离面理与冰川作用是分不开的，其成因须重新讨论。冰臼与剥离面理的同时存在是冰川作用的重要标志之一。考虑到河北、山东、山西已经发现的第四纪冰川地貌特征，可以推论：华北东部地区曾经发育过第四纪大陆冰川，其范围可能达到山东的泰山以南，而全球更新世大冰盖的范围值得重新厘定。     

太行山嶂石岩地貌与云台山地貌特征

太行山中南段地区旅游地质资源十分丰富,其中河北嶂石岩国家级地质公园和河南云台山世界级地质公园旅游地质地貌特征最具特色,分别代表了本区砂岩和碳酸盐岩独特地貌景观。