ETCHING AS A PROCESS OF LANDFORM DEVELOPMENT *

Bedrock forms of etch origin result from the interaction of groundwaters and bedrock at the weathering front at the base of the regolith. They are significant for general theories of landscape and landform genesis because they are azonal with respect both to climate and lithology. Two stages of etch form development are recognized: one involves weathering and the formation of a regolith; the second consists of stripping of the regolith and the exposure of the bedrock forms. Although etch forms have been recognized for some two centuries, the concept of etching as a process of landform development has been neglected, particularly in North America.     

1998-2000年新疆国内游客调查分析——兼析新疆旅游市场的发展

本文以“新疆国内旅游调查报告”及相关统计资料为基础,主要通过对新疆国内游客构成,游客来疆旅游目的,国内游客在新疆旅游的花费情况、停留情况及旅游组织方式等的分析,试图揭示新疆旅游市场的发展现状,并对新疆旅游市场的发展提出点建议,如丰富旅游产品,推出旅游精品系列,加强宣传促销;开辟更多新航线,降低票价,铁路提速;实施新的假期制度;逐步实行对中亚各国的旅游免签等。     

湖南省恩口煤矿区茅口灰岩岩溶发育程度的遥感信息分析

本文利用宏观综合、高度概括的遥感影像信息,结合恩口煤矿区有关水文地质资料,分析了该地影响地表岩溶发育的主要因素,阐述了岩性、构造、水文地质条件与岩溶地貌的影像特征,进而提出了岩溶发育程度的综合解译标志,并指出这种定性解译可作为岩溶发育程度定量调查的基础。     

升钟水库降水分布特征及其影响因素

作者从流域地形，气候变化以及水库影响３个方面来探讨四川省升钟水库运行初期水量不足的原因，分析结果表明，建库前后库区及库周地区年降水量时空分布趋势一致，所不同的是建库后较之建库前各地年降水量普遍偏少２００ｍｍ左右，在库周各地建库前后地形不变，且水库蓄水后对为中周站年降水量最大影响为减少近４０ｍｍ，且建库后３年连年姓严重干旱说明气候对降水的影响比水库的影响要大得多，气候变化是影响水库运动初期水量不足的     

甘孜－玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征

在航、卫片解译的基础上，结合已有的区域地质填图成果，经过详细的野外观测研究，明确了甘孜－玉树断裂带最新地表活动形迹的空间展布特征。通过对断错地貌及新地层变形与位错的研究，结合（１４）Ｃ和热释光（ＴＬ）测龄结果，对断裂带晚第四纪以来的平均滑动速率进行了初步研究。结果表明，甘孜－玉树断裂带的平均滑动速率为：甘孜段水平滑动速率为３．４±０．３ｍｍ／ａ，垂直滑动速率为２．２±０．１ｍｍ／ａ；马尼干戈段水平滑动速率为７±０．７ｍｍ／ａ；邓柯段为７．２±１．２ｍｍ／ａ；当江段为７．３±０．６ｍｍ／ａ。     

鲜水河断裂带乾宁-康定段的滑动速率与强震复发间隔

鲜水河断裂带乾宁——康定段的几何结构比较复杂，由雅拉河、色拉哈——康定、折多塘和磨西4条次级断裂组成，历史上曾发生过1725，1786和1955年3次7级以上强震．本文在断错地貌和年代学（14C 和TL）研究结果的基础上，确定的鲜水河断裂带乾宁——康定段各分支断裂晚第四纪以来的平均水平滑动速率分别为:雅拉河断裂:（2.00.2）mm/a；色拉哈——康定断裂:（5.50.6）mm/a；折多塘断裂:（3.60.3）mm/a；磨西断裂:（9.90.6）mm/a． 历史地震地表破裂、同震位错和古地震资料研究结果表明，雅拉河断裂具有上千年的强震复发间隔，色拉哈——康定和折多塘断裂强震复发的平均间隔在230～350ａ，未来百年均不存在强震复发的可能性；磨西断裂强震复发间隔在300ａ左右，上一次的1786年7级地震距今已达213ａ，未来百年正处于新一轮的强震复发背景之中．      

The slip rate and strong earthquake recurrence interval on the Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone

IntroductionLocated in the western part of Sichuan Province, China, the Xianshuihe fault zone is a notable strong earthquake zone in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. At its northwestern end, the Xianshuihe fault zone overlaps the Ganzi-Yushu fault in a left-stepping pattern. The fault zone extends southeastwards through Luhuo, Daofu, Kangding, and Moxi and disappears near Shimian, with a total length of 400 km. The fault trends N40(-50°W in the north, and N20(-30°W to the south of Kangdi…     

宇宙成因核素在地球科学中的应用

随着加速器质谱的出现 ,宇宙成因核素展示了其在地球科学中的生命力。文中介绍了宇宙成因核素的生成、示踪原理及近些年来在地球科学中的应用 ,特别着重地介绍了原地生成宇宙成因核素定年这一新的技术。宇宙成因核素是宇宙射线粒子 (包括原生和次生粒子 )与大气及岩石发生核反应所生成的新的核素 ,其在大气及岩石中的生成量可用已知物理过程定量地描述。大气生成宇宙成因核素在考古、古环境及地球各圈层的相互作用方面得到了广泛的应用 ,原地生成宇宙成因核素则在地貌学研究中扮演着重要的角色 ,成为一门新的实验技术。这门技术可以定量地描述地表的暴露历史和侵蚀速率 ,在解决许多地质问题上成为惟一的手段     

泥灰质岩石区几种岩溶地貌形态及成因探讨——以三峡地区为例

泥灰质岩石区岩溶地貌是地貌研究的薄弱环节。本文以三峡地区为例,提出了该区泥灰质岩石分布区广泛发育的漏斗状沼泽凹地、脖颈状岩溶地貌、两沟之间的槽状谷地和溶蚀台地 4种地貌形态,探讨了这些地貌的成因,并指出各种岩溶地貌之间的相互关联和叠加。岩溶地貌的发育与岩溶地质灾害有着密切的关系,因此这一研究对泥灰质岩石区的工程建设,特别是三峡移民迁建具有重要的意义。     

Development stage threshold of watershed landforms in Loess Plateau and separation of erosion mechanism

Threshold is a limit and marginal point when a qualitative change takes place. Since threshold principle was firstly used in landform research by S.A.Schumm in the 1970s, the quantitative research on watershed landform development stage has come true. Davis proposed a three-stage model on landform evolution: young, mature and old stages. Thereafter Strahler quantified this model by hypsometric analysis method. The authors thought that the material movement stage cannot be expressed by hypsometric method in watershed landform at development stage, because of the uncertainty on stage delimitation. To meet this shortcoming, this paper presents an integral erosion value method. A clear delimitation on landform development stage in the Loess Plateau region has been tested by this method. The result shows that gullied loessial hilly area is at the mature stage, and gullied loessial tableland area is at the young stage. It is estimated that from the point of erosion related sediment yield, natural erosion accounts for 70% of the total erosion amount, and artificial accelerating erosion is 30%. Therefore soil and water conservation is very crucial for the Loess Plateau.