南海南部海域构造地貌

构造地貌是指由新构造运动直接形成的一种动态的、积极活跃的地貌类型。南海南部海域新构造运动强烈,类型众多,它们是控制海底构造地貌形成和发育的主要内动力因素。根据地质地球物理资料,对该区区域构造沉降、海底扩张、断裂作用、褶皱作用和火山活动等新构造运动类型及其形成的构造地貌进行了分析。区域构造沉降形成规模较大的构造台地、深水阶地和陆坡盆地等;海底扩张形成西南海盆、中央海盆及其内部的众多构造地貌类型;断裂作用形成断层崖、断阶、海底谷、断块山、断陷盆地等;褶皱作用形成山地和挤压构造盆地;火山作用形成海山、海丘。     

Origin and age of The Hillocks and implications for post‐glacial landscape development in the upper Lake Wakatipu catchment,New Zealand

Ambiguous landscape histories can arise from equivocal or incomplete geomorphological, sedimentological or geochronological evidence. In this study, we apply quantitative analyses to robustly assess the origin and age of a field of rounded mounds, known as ‘The Hillocks’. Using clast analysis, the sediment is shown to be consistent with a landslide origin but inconsistent with other glacial sediments in the region. Cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure age dating suggests The Hillocks formed ~8 ka. Ground‐penetrating radar reveals that the deposit rests upon deltaic foreset beds; combined with topographical data, we calculate a deposit volume of ~15–27 M m³, consistent with the estimated volume of the proposed source area. Overall, our data support a rock avalanche origin, indicating that by 8 ka the valley was ice‐free at The Hillocks’ location, and the level of Lake Wakatipu was lower than 340 m asl by this time. The Dart River delta shoreline was situated somewhere between The Hillocks and the present day shoreline at that time, and has prograded at a maximum average rate of 1 m a^?1 since ~8 ka. These findings are significant given the lack of landforms by which to constrain glacial or post‐glacial landscape histories in this region of New Zealand. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

麦积山国家地质公园丹霞地貌分类及形成机制探讨

甘肃天水麦积山国家地质公园,是集科学研究、科普教育、旅游观光、娱乐与探险于一体的大型地质公园。公园内出露的白垩系麦积山组砾岩,示相性非常典型,是古湖泊环境的良好标志。历经构造运动、流水侵蚀、重力侵蚀和风化剥蚀等内外动力地质作用,构成了鲜有特色的北方丹霞地貌景观。本文以岩性特点、岩层产状、主导动力、地貌形态、发育阶段为依据,对麦积山国家地质公园丹霞地貌类型进行划分,从物质基础、构造运动、季候条件等方面探讨了园区丹霞地貌的形成机制。     

滇西北宾川地区主要活动断裂及其活动构造体系

通过卫星遥感解译和地表调查,对滇西北宾川地区活动断层进行了相对全面的调查研究,并对该区活动构造体系提出了新认识。研究表明,该区发育以北东向正断层和走滑断层为主的活动断裂,并构成了典型的张扭性帚状构造,控制了宾川地区构造地貌的发育。该活动构造体系的主干活动断裂是近南北向程海—宾川断裂向南至宾川处分解后形成的2条分支断层,即近南北向以正断性质为主兼具左旋的宾川断裂(F1)和北东向左旋走滑的上沧—鱼棚断裂(F2)。宾川地区活动构造体系是在区域近东西向伸展和微地块顺时旋转的共同作用下形成的,反映了滇西北裂陷带在青藏高原整体瞬时旋转背景下的左旋拉分运动模式。同时,对宾川地区活动构造体系的研究也有助于更好地认识该区未来的强震危险性,对于其中主干断裂(F1、F2)的大震危险性应给予更多关注。     

湘西碳酸岩山区页岩气地震勘探采集技术研究

湖南湘西碳酸盐岩山区不同时期灰岩出露,岩性变化较大,且受风化、淋滤、剥蚀作用,溶洞、裂缝十分发育,导致地震波能量衰减严重,且地震波传播路径和地震波场的复杂,地震原始资料信噪比较低。针对上述问题,采用单/双井微测井相结合的精细浅表层结构调查方法,结合药柱长度和爆炸理论计算出的爆炸半径,动态设计井深激发方式。通过室内模拟计算,研究低频检波器多串、线性等组合接收方式在区内压制面波、折射波、多次折射及侧面波等多波干扰的效果,最终选择2串24个检波器等灵敏度组合及小道距、高覆盖观测等关键采集技术。实践表明,该区选择的观测系统较好的克服了南方岩溶地区地震勘探信噪比低的问题,具有极强的推广价值。     

Tourism and Land Transformation:A Case Study of the Li River Basin,Guilin,China

Land-use change is intertwined with tourism because land is used as a resource for human activities.Land-use change also provides an opportunity to evaluate the status of the ecoenvironment.Understanding the relationship between tourism and land use change would help to predict the effect of tourism on land use and encourage sustainable tourism development.Using the Li River Basin as a case study,a hybrid approach using multilevel modeling and logistic regressions was employed to analyze the distribution of land-usechange between 1989 and 2010 to examine potential driving factors.Results reveal that rapid tourism development and construction expansion expose this area to risk of deforestation and forest degradation.Construction increased by 141% between 1989 and 2000 and by 195% between 2000 and 2010.The primary driving force for construction expansion shifted from population growth between 1989 and 2000 to investment growth after 2000.New construction primarily occurred on crop and woodlands areas,with shares of 81.25% and 6.38%,respectively,between 1989 and 2000,and with shares of 57.79% and 15.29%,respectively,between 2000 and 2010.Moreover,these drastic increases in construction also led to frequent transitions between croplands,woodlands,and grasslands.Traits including distances to urban areas and roads and scenic locations exerted significant effects on land-use change.Woodland regrowth in the areas thatsurround scenic locations consisted of fluctuating woodlands,whereas stable woodland regrowth was often absent in these areas.Likewise,permanent woodland clearing tended to be closed to near scenic locations.That is,construction at scenic locations negatively affected forest conservation in the Li River Basin.     

中国丹霞地貌空间分布的探讨

运用计算机技术,进行数据处理、图像制作和空间分析,探讨中国丹霞地貌的空间分布与地形、气候、红层等要素的关系。首先利用Google Earth4软件对我国799处丹霞地貌进行空间定位,获得它们的经纬度;再使用Free Version ofGPS Track Maker#13.6软件提取空间数据;然后在Excel中对数据处...     

口泉断裂中段晚第四纪以来断错地貌及滑动速率确定

通过口泉断裂1/5万地质填图,调查了口泉断裂中段(上神泉至杨家窑段)晚第四纪以来断错地貌特征.从山麓麓原面到山间沟谷河床一共可以划分出5级层状地貌面,最顶部(第5级地貌面)为山麓剥蚀面,推测为形成于新近纪的唐县期夷平面;第4级地貌面由大河间T3阶地以及山麓地带发育的同期洪积台地组合而成,形成于中更新世末、晚更新世初;第...     

喜马拉雅山佩枯岗日冰川地貌的年代学、平衡线高度和气候研究

喜马拉雅山珠穆朗玛峰-希夏邦马峰地区是青藏高原南部现代冰川集中发育区之一,古冰川遗迹亦十分丰富,是研究第四纪青藏高原冰川形成和演化的关键区,一直备受地貌和第四纪环境研究者的关注.应用原地宇宙核素10Be暴露年龄测试技术,对采自希夏邦马峰西北佩枯岗日拉曲谷地冰碛垄上的冰川漂砾进行年代学研究;结合冰川地貌分析方法,对古冰川...     

遥感技术在晴隆沙子岭金矿找矿中的应用

遥感技术在红土型金矿普查的中的应用,已有不少成功先例。本文尝试在小范围内,利用遥感的方法,通过构造异常、蚀变特征和地貌有利部位叠加分析,划出找矿的重点区段。后期勘探结果证明,这种分析方法是可行的。