Terraces Development and Their Implications for Valley Evolution of the Jinsha River Since Late Pleistocene near Longjie,Yunnan

The drainage evolution and valley development of the Jinsha River is an important issue constantly concerned by researchers in geology and geomorphology. Despite hundreds of years of research, there is a big dispute on the formation time and the evolution process of the fluvial valley. Fluvial terraces are very important geomorphic markers for studying the formation and evolution of the fluvial valley. Through field investigation combined with Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating, we confirmed that 5 fluvial terraces were formed, and then preserved, along the course of the Jinsha River near the Longjie, which are all strath terraces. Among them, T5 developed on the base rock, with an age of (78±12) ka; all T4~T1 developed on the lacustrine sediments, named Longjie Group by Chinese, with an age of (29±1.4) ka, (26±2.4) ka, (23±1.4) ka, (18±1.7) ka, respectively. Compared with the global and regional climate change history, the terraces are all the result of the river responding to the climate change. T5 formed at MIS 5/4, and T4~T1 formed at the period of regional climate fluctuation. The relationship of terraces and the Longjie Formation, combined with sedimentary characteristics analysis demonstrate that the Longjie Formation is landslide dammed lake sediment. The landslide and blocking events.seriously influenced the valley evolution, inhibiting the river incising, and making the valley evolution defer to the mode of “cut-landside-damming-fill-cut” in the period of Late Pleistocene. Synthesized studies of the terraces and the correlative sediments indicate that the formation of the Jinsha River valley may have begun in the late Early Pleistocene.     

城郊观光农业发展研究—以昆明市呈贡县为例

城郊观光农业是在大中城市郊区这一特定地域上，以城郊农业为基础发展形成的一种新型的乡村旅游形式。它的产生和发展与城市化和城郊农业的迅速发展以及城市居民休闲旅游需求的高涨密切相关。城郊观光农业已出现多种类型，其发展必须因地制宜，在宏观和微观层次上进行合理布局。以昆明市呈贡县为例，对城郊观光农业的类型、布局等进行了初步研究。     

浙江方岩丹霞地貌类型及其空间组合

andform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the "adolescent" development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

徐霞客对我国丹霞地貌旅行考察的贡献——纪念徐霞客逝世360周年

丹霞地貌是一种具有很高景观美学价值和科学研究价值的地貌类型,在我国分布范围较广,现代地质地理学家对其进行了深入而系统的考察研究。而我国明代著名的旅行家和地理学家徐霞客,早在360多年前便对丹霞地貌进行过多方面的观察和描述,并留下宝贵的文字资料。这充分展示了丹霞风景地貌在我国研究的古老历史,也预示着丹霞风景地貌进行现代旅游开发的广阔前景。     

广州莲花山的人工丹霞地貌和旅游开发

通过实地考察,概述广州番禺莲花山与粤北丹霞山地质地貌的异同,从丹霞地貌角度阐述这座古石矿场“人工无意夺天工”形成的陡崖,岩洞,石墙,石巷,岩湖,石柱,石门,石桥等人工丹霞奇观,并对这座以全国罕有古石矿场为主景的莲花山旅游区的进一步开发,提出了讨论意见。     

Controls on the location,morphology and evolution of complex esker systems at decadal timescales,Breiðamerkurjökull,southeast Iceland

This paper uses detailed mapping of eskers to address three questions which are important for reconstructing meltwater behaviour beneath contemporary and ancient ice masses: ‘What controls the morphology of simple and complex esker systems?’, ‘How do esker systems evolve through time?’ and ‘Are esker patterns compatible with groundwater controlled hydraulic spacing of esker tunnels?’. Esker crestlines and widths are mapped on the Breiðamerkurjökull foreland for eight time slices between 1945 and 2007, from high resolution (~50 cm) aerial photography, permitting their long‐term morphological evolution to be analysed in a high level of detail. We find that complex eskers develop where meltwater and sediment is abundant, such that sediment clogs channels, forming distributary eskers. Isolated eskers are simpler and smaller and reflect less abundant meltwater and sediment, which is unable to clog channels. Eskers may take several decades to emerge from outwash deposits containing buried ice and can increase or decrease in size when ice surrounding and underlying them melts out. It has been suggested that groundwater–channel coupling dictates the spacing between eskers at Breiðamerkurjökull. Our results do not dispute this, but suggest that the routing of sediment and meltwater through medial moraines is an additional important control on esker location and spacing. These results may be used to better understand the processes surrounding esker formation in a variety of geographical settings, enabling a more detailed understanding of the operation of meltwater drainage systems in sub‐marginal zones beneath glaciers and ice sheets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国“数字黄土地貌”分类体系探讨

黄土地貌属中国典型地貌之一,其分类体系是制图的基础。过去各种黄土地貌分类研究方案由于标准不统一,在实际应用中没有形成公认的地貌分类系统。本文将形态和成因有机地结合在一起,采用分层分级方法,借助于地理信息系统技术,分析并提出适用于遥感影像数据(LandsatTM和ETM)的1:100万黄土地貌分类体系,拟定出相应的编码体系,建立了典型地貌的遥感图谱。该研究为利用中高分辨率卫星遥感数据编制中国1:100万黄土地貌类型图奠定了坚实的基础,该分类方案可充分反映黄土地貌的特征,也能与全国数字地貌分类方案保持一致,同时该分层分级分类方案可满足地貌类型的扩充性。     

地理省情监测变化统计分析系统的设计与实现——以山东省为例

地理省情监测成果是国家重要的数据资源,对其变化内容进行统计分析,是掌握地表自然和人文地理要素变化的基础。伴随山东省地理省情监测工作的不断深入,目前山东省已积累了大量地理省情监测数据。为实现山东省地理省情监测数据的有效管理及科学利用,并综合考虑山东省省级地理信息时空大数据中心的相关要求。该文基于共享文件系统的分布式存储,利用空间统计、任务并行等技术模型,设计了地理省情监测变化统计分析系统,通过对比监测区域内多时态、多版本、多年份数据,发现不同版本数据之间的差异,实现对地理省情数据要素级、地类级变化情况的监测。该文从系统总体设计、关键技术等方面阐述了地理省情监测变化统计分析系统的设计与实现情况。     

黄土高原沟谷地貌发育演化研究进展与展望

黄土沟谷是黄土地貌中最有活力、最具变化、最富特色的对象单元,黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌形态以及触目惊心的侵蚀状态也让区域内沟谷地貌的形成、发育及演化问题成为研究中焦点及前沿性科学问题。近年来,诸多学者采用地学测年法、特征表达法、监测模拟法力图实现对黄土沟谷发育演化进程中“过去-现代-未来”的科学认知。这些研究在相当程度上丰富了黄土沟谷发育过程的认知。本文梳理了黄土高原沟谷地貌演化相关研究的现状,并从黄土高原地貌演化、黄土沟谷发育、基于DEM的沟谷信息提取与表达等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。此外,本文提出“黄土沟道剖面群组”概念与方法,试图从新的视角审视黄土沟谷地貌发育演化过程。沟道剖面在黄土沟谷发育演化进程中传递物质能量和累积地形动力,并通过径流节点的串联实现剖面群的连接与组合,形成独特的剖面“群组”模式;该沟道剖面群组是集黄土沟谷地貌特征与过程于一体的综合信息集成体,其三维空间结构是对黄土沟谷地貌发育演化的高度抽象与映射,并可望进一步丰富黄土高原数字地形分析理论与方法体系,为黄土高原黄土地貌成因机理与空间分异格局带来创新的认识。     

喜马拉雅山脉与我国东部中低山区冰蚀地貌对比研究

我国东部中低山区第四纪冰川的存在与否一直存在争议,但冰川必然对山体进行冰蚀作用形成冰蚀地貌。为了分析我国东部中低山区的山体地貌是否具有冰蚀特征,该文选取了现代冰川集中发育区-喜马拉雅山脉作为冰蚀地貌的研究对象,通过宏观分析,除了由缩口、三角脊、残弧组成的冰斗系统外,还发现冰蚀作用过程存在避谷、吞脊、切壁、穿梁等特殊习性。分析认为冰蚀过程主要受制于雪线高程、积雪高程与坡向坡角三方面因素的控制。以此为基础,对我国东部的江西庐山、山东蒙山、大兴安岭主峰黄岗梁三个地区的山体地貌进行对比分析,发现这些山区的山体地貌与喜马拉雅山脉的冰蚀地貌具有一致性。文章从冰蚀过程的角度确认了我国东部中低山区存在第四纪冰川的事实。