GPS网中已知点粗差探测时限差的研究

在利用附合导线法对GPS网中已知点的可靠性进行检核时,本文对如何合理地、客观地确定限差,以达到有效检核的目的进行了探讨,提出了检核限差标准。并结合实例进行计算和分析,成功地剔除了含有粗差的已知点。     

欧盟减排《责任分担条例》修正案分析与启示

欧盟自1997年起就如何通过市场和行政手段“双轮驱动”控制碳排放总量进行不断探索,并逐步建立了较为成熟的碳排放交易体系及减排责任分担机制,已经取得了良好的减排效果。文中梳理分析《责任分担条例》修正案中关于成员国减排目标更新的内容、目标分配的原则与方法、灵活性机制,归纳了欧盟采用行政手段控制碳排放交易系统未涉及部门的温室气体排放的经验,并对中国如何构建充分考虑市场手段和行政手段的CO₂排放总量控制制度提出政策建议。     

Control strategies and experimental verifications of the electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control

The electromagnetic mass damper （EMD） control system, as an innovative active control system to reduce structural vibration, offers many advantages over traditional active mass driver/damper （AMD） control systems. In this paper, studies of several EMD control strategies and bench-scale shaking table tests of a two-story model structure are described. First, two structural models corresponding to uncontrolled and Zeroed cases are developed, and parameters of these models are validated through sinusoidal sweep tests to provide a basis for establishing an accurate mathematical model for further studies. Then, a simplified control strategy for the EMD system based on the pole assignment control algorithm is proposed. Moreover, ideal pole locations are derived and validated through a series of shaking table tests. Finally, three benchmark earthquake ground motions and sinusoidal sweep waves are imposed onto the structure to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of using this type of innovative active control system for structural vibration control. In addition, the robustness of the EMD system is examined. The test results show that the EMD system is an effective and robust system for the control of structural vibrations.     

Trust-region based instantaneous optimal semi-active control of long-span spatially extended structures with MRF-04K damper

In the field of civil engineering, magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper-based semi-active control systems have received considerable attention for use in protecting structures from natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high winds. In this paper, the MRF damper-based semi-active control system is applied to a long-span spatially extended structure and its feasibility is discussed. Meanwhile, a _trust-region method based instantaneous optimal semi-active control algorithm （TIOC） is proposed to improve the performance of the semi-active control system in a multiple damper situation. The proposed TIOC describes the control process as a bounded constraint optimization problem, in which an optimal semi- active control force vector is solved by the trust-region method in every control step to minimize the structural responses. A numerical example of a railway station roof structure installed with MRF-04K dampers is presented. First, a modified Bouc- Wen model is utilized to describe the behavior of the selected MRF-04K damper. Then, two semi-active control systems, including the well-known clipped-optimal controller and the proposed TIOC controller, are considered. Based on the characteristics of the long-span spatially extended structure, the performance of the control system is evaluated under uniform earthquake excitation and travelling-wave excitation with different apparent velocities. The simulation results indicate that the MR fluid damper-based semi-active control systems have the potential to mitigate the responses of full-scale long-span spatially extended structures under earthquake hazards. The superiority of the proposed TIOC controller is demonstrated by comparing its control effectiveness with the clipped-optimal controller for several different cases.     

省域主体功能区划的理论基础与方法

依据国家"十一五"规划纲要提出的主体功能区划的理念和科学发展观的要求,分析了各类主体功能区的基本特征、省域主体功能区划的前提及基本地域单元的确定.从现有开发密度、资源环境承栽力、发展潜力等方面入手,设计评价指标体系,提出现有开发密度评价法、状态空间法、相对资源环境承栽力和发展潜力模型作为省域功能区划的评价方法.在综合分析评价的基础上,实现对主体功能区进行科学功能定位,从而逐步形成主体功能清晰、发展导向明确、开发秩序规范、开发强度适当,人口、经济、资源环境相协调的空间开发格局.     

Developing an intermediate-complexity projection model for China's fisheries: A case study of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) in the Haizhou Bay,China

Projection models are commonly used to evaluate the impacts of fishing. However, previously developed projection tools were not suitable for China's fisheries as they are either overly complex and data-demanding or too simple to reflect the realistic management measures. Herein, an intermediate-complexity projection model was developed that could adequately describe fish population dynamics and account for management measures including mesh size limits, summer closure, and spatial closure. A two-patch operating model was outlined for the projection model and applied to the heavily depleted but commercially important small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) fishery in the Haizhou Bay, China, as a case study. The model was calibrated to realistically capture the fisheries dynamics with hindcasting. Three simulation scenarios featuring different fishing intensities based on status quo and maximum sustainable yield(MSY) were proposed and evaluated with projections. Stochastic projections were additionally performed to investigate the influence of uncertainty associated with recruitment strengths and the implementation of control targets. It was found that fishing at FMSY level could effectively rebuild the depleted stock biomass, while the stock collapsed rapidly in the status quo scenario. Uncertainty in recruitment and implementation could result in variabilities in management effects; but they did not much alter the management effects of the FMSY scenario. These results indicate that the lack of science-based control targets in fishing mortality or catch limits has hindered the achievement of sustainable fisheries in China. Overall, the presented work highlights that the developed projection model can promote the understanding of the possible consequences of fishing under uncertainty and is applicable to other fisheries in China.     

海滨型旅游地环境承载力评价研究——以江苏海滨湿地生态旅游地为例

旅游环境承载力的界定和评价可为生态旅游合理开发提供依据。把旅游环境承载力纳入到资源-环境-社会经济这一复合系统中,给出了旅游环境承载力的定义,分析了其构成体系,构建了兼顾三个维度的旅游环境承载力评价指标体系,基于专家打分的结果,运用准主成份等方法进行了权重分析,并以江苏海滨为例,用模糊综合评价等方法对江苏海滨生态旅游环境承载力进行评价,得出了合理的结果,表明本评价指标体系具有较强的科学性、普适性和可操作性。     

山水林田湖草系统治理之水土保持要义

山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体,山水林田湖草的系统治理观是水土流失治理与生态修复的重要指导思想.水土流失的发生、发展和变化是一个复杂的系统,有其自身规律,水土保持是一门多学科交叉学科,有其科学性与不可替代性,防治水土流失应坚持系统思维,整体施策,系统和综合是水土保持学科建立和事业发展的生命力所在.水土流失在中国广泛分布并...     

Pollution trend in the tumen river and its influence on regional development

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双船中层拖网网位控制的静力学解析

中层拖网是开发利用中上层鱼类资源的重要工具之一,能否有效实施对拖网作业水层的控制,是实现瞄准捕捞和提高捕捞生产效率的关键。本文提出了1种基于有限元原理的拖网曳纲形状与张力的理论计算方法,以期依据中层拖网拖曳过程中不同拖速、曳纲长度和重锤配备条件下曳纲响应的计算机模拟结果,预测拖网可能的作业水层,以实现中层拖网网位控制,为中层拖网曳纲设计和网位调整提供理论依据。