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71.
Recent trends in vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel and their relationship to climate 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26
Stefanie M. Herrmann Assaf Anyamba Compton J. Tucker 《Global Environmental Change》2005,15(4):394-404
Contrary to assertions of widespread irreversible desertification in the African Sahel, a recent increase in seasonal greenness over large areas of the Sahel has been observed, which has been interpreted as a recovery from the great Sahelian droughts. This research investigates temporal and spatial patterns of vegetation greenness and rainfall variability in the African Sahel and their interrelationships based on analyses of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series for the period 1982–2003 and gridded satellite rainfall estimates. While rainfall emerges as the dominant causative factor for the increase in vegetation greenness, there is evidence of another causative factor, hypothetically a human-induced change superimposed on the climate trend. 相似文献
72.
Igor Jemcov 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):767-773
The management of groundwater flow systems in karst regions appears, at present, to be the most important procedure for solving
water deficiency problems during periods of low rainfall. Faced with a lack of data for characterizing the water supply potential
of karst aquifers, analyses of spring hydrographs may provide valuable indirect information regarding the structure of karst
hydrogeological systems. To estimate the optimal exploitation capacities of karstic sources, a stochastic-conceptual approach
was applied in case studies from the Serbian karst. Water supply potentials were initially evaluated on the basis of groundwater
budgets. Further steps towards defining optimal “exploitable” regimes included analyses of storage changes in karst water
reservoirs under natural conditions and calculation of the potential expansion of currently tapped sources. The results obtained
through these analyses are a significant contribution to feasibility studies and aid in the avoidance of problems of overexploitation. 相似文献
73.
Seismic rotational displacement of gravity walls by pseudo-dynamic method: Passive case 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Prediction of the seismic rotational displacements of retaining wall under passive condition is an important aspect of design in earthquake prone region. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the rotational displacements of rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill under seismic loading for the passive earth pressure condition. The proposed method considers time, phase difference and effect of amplification in shear and primary waves propagating through both the backfill and the retaining wall. The influence of ground motion characteristics on rotational displacement of the wall is evaluated. Also the effects of variation of parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, amplification factor, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity, period of lateral shaking, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on the rotational displacements are studied. The rotational displacement of the wall increases substantially with increase in amplification of both shear and primary waves, time of input motion, period of lateral shaking and decreases with increase in soil friction angle, wall friction angle. The rotational displacements of the wall also increase when the effect of wall inertia is taken into account. Results are provided in graphical form. 相似文献
74.
在河南省6种雨型的基础上,分析了物理要素海温、季风、西太平洋副高及气候因子和河南省汛期降水的关系,给出了河南省汛期降水的气候预测概念模型。通过逻辑推理,可以具体预测雨型。 相似文献
75.
This paper mainly observed and analyzed the character of shear-wave splitting in rock specimens while they were in the critical state of rupture. The rock specimens for study are made of Laizhou marble from Shandong, China. A series of records were obtained from two rock specimens when they were in the critical state of rupture. The result shows that, in the critical state just before rock rupture, there may be the phenomenon of rise and fall in the time delay of shear-wave splitting, even though the load was kept constant. That is to say, the time delay of shear-wave splitting may have a falling process before rock rupture. 相似文献
76.
77.
场对场预报模型及其对降水的预报试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用经验正交函数对预报因子场和预报对象场分别进行分解,将正交展开的时间系数作为预报因子和预报对象,提出了一种场对场预报模型,该模型考虑了预报系统的时变性,并利用云南5月份的雨量资料进行了预报试验。结果表明,用这种模型作区域性降水预报有一定的优越性。 相似文献
78.
本文利用1986-1990年我国14个具有地理、气候代表性的日射观测的实测资料,分析了我国地面反射率的若干最新特征,为认识和研究我国地理和气候变化提供了某些依据。 相似文献
79.
计算机辅助绘制流域等流时线 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用地理信息系统方法,对流域的地形地貌特征进行分析,模拟水质点在流域上的运动轨迹,并根据水质点汇流时间与汇流路径,坡度,坡长的关系,建立了流域汇流等流时线模型,经实例验证,效果较好。 相似文献
80.
严密的推理和大量精确的计算结果,揭示了IP效应对EM响应的影响.在野外常见的极化条件下,在电磁法工作频率范围(1~1000Hz)内,绝对影响过极大值.相对影响可达10%以上.充电率m越大.极化时间常数T对球体本身的感应时间常数r之比越小、频率响应系数c越小.影响越大,山响的频率越高. 相似文献