Integration of RADARSAT and GIS modelling for estimating future Red River flood risk

A new geomatics-based approach for flood prediction was developed and used to model the magnitude and spatial extent of a future Red River flood in southern Manitoba. This approach combines the statistical modelling capabilities of Markov (non-spatial) analysis and logistic regression (spatial) within a geographic information system (GIS) environment, utilizing modelling inputs derived from remotely sensed RADARSAT imagery and other digital geographic data. The 1997 Red River flood was the second largest in recorded history, and the largest for which accurate data are available. The results indicate: (i) a flood “one time interval-in terms of 3 days time unit measurement- larger in area” than the 1997 flood is expected to affect 17.6% more land (an additional 47.6 km²) within the study area compared to 1997 levels based on Markovian probability derived from observations from the 1997 event; and (ii) the majority of this excess flooding will take place on agricultural land; no additional communities are expected to be at risk. Quantitative assessment verified the capability of this modelling approach for producing statistically significant results. The methodology used in this research would be easily transferable to other areas, and may provide the basis for a viable alternative to conventional hydrologic-based flood prediction approaches This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于地面光谱测量的砂岩型铀矿地物波谱特征分析

基于砂岩型铀矿床地物光谱测量技术,采用改进型高斯模型和植被红边参数模型,系统开展了与铀成矿有关的目标及背景诊断光谱特征建模研究,定量化分析与提取铀矿床吸收光谱特征参数及植被红边变异参数。采用上述技术对中国北方砂岩型铀矿区进行了实验研究,取得了良好的效果。     

三峡工程地下厂房围岩关键块体研究

本文以块体理论为基础,预测三峡工程地下厂房围岩存在4个特大型关键块体。在地下电站总体布置为主厂房线20 136方案情况下,1#块体K值仅0 24～0 35,不稳定;2#～4#块体K值为1左右,稳定性差或极限平衡状态。调整地下电站总体布置,地下厂房向下游平移20m后,1#块体K值为0 97～1 13,稳定性差或极限平衡状态,但易于工程处理;2#块体消失;3#、4#块体K值大于1 7,较稳定。作者认为在节理发育的脆性围岩体Ⅰ、Ⅱ类围岩中,应重点定位研究由不连续结构面组成的大型关键块体。一定条件下,通过调整工程布置来避开特大型不良地质体是经济可行的方法。     

三峡“盖帽”白云岩的碳、硫稳定同位素研究及其成因探讨

新元古代南沱组冰碛层之上的“盖帽”白云岩在全球分布广泛, 碳稳定同位素表现出强烈的负偏移, 其成因被认为与甲烷的碳源有关。通过对湖北三峡庙河地区出露的“盖帽”白云岩的野外地质构造、碳 -氧稳定同位素和重晶石夹层的硫稳定同位素特征的研究, 发现除了明显的碳稳定同位素的负偏移之外, 重晶石的硫同位素值表现出明显的正偏移, 其数值可与现代海底甲烷喷气孔附近的自生重晶石矿物的同位素组成相对比, 进而认为“盖帽”白云岩的成因是末元古代“雪球”事件之后天然气水合物的释放与全球环境突变背景下的沉积产物。该研究成果将有助于对地史时期类似地质背景下古天然气水合物背景的识别和环境效应评价。     

Lateral Inhomogeneity of Basement Layer in Three Gorges Region of Changjiang River (Yangtze River)

Seismic tomography from the Pg wave data along the non-longitudinal profile in the Three Gorges Region is presented in this paper.The seismic tomography method,and the acquisition and analysis of seismic travel time are broadly outlined.The tomography of basement reveals a great amount of significant information and shows that the low-velocity zone is due to the lithologic difference and the fault fracture zone.It also demonstrates that there exist three high-velocity zones with v>6.4 km/s at the basement; the largest of zones which strikes north-south is located at the southwestern side of Huangling Anticlinorium and extends into the anticlinorium northward.The other two high-velocity zones are,respectively,situated at the eastern side of the anticlinorium and the western side of the profile.The high-velocity zones are inferred to originate from the upwelling of material with high-velocity from deep crust.     

中国北部新第三纪红层划分的岩石学标志及其意义

广布于我国北方的新第三纪红层多由中新统保德组和上新统静乐组组成，这两个组岩性相似，一般情况下难以区分。地层结构详细研究显示，两组中钙质结核赋存方式相差很大，前者呈层状产出，后者为星散状，地层形成时古气候条件的差别是导致该现象的主要原因。由于大气状况具有区域性特点，因而这一地层划分标志具有特定的地质意义及在大面积内具实用的价值     

长江三峡地区基底层横向不均匀性

对三峡地区的Ｐｇ波非纵观测资料用地震层析成象方法进行了计算处理并对解释结果作了分析。简要阐述了地震析成象处理方法，地震走时数据的采集与分析等。基底面成象图给出了许多有意义的信息；该测区低速区的开矿要起因于岩性的差异及断层破碎带；基底面上存在３个ｖ〉６．４ｋｍ／ｓ的高速度区，面积最大的一个大体呈南北走向，位于黄陵背斜西南侧、向北进入背斜区，另两个分别位于黄陵背斜东则与测区西侧。     

估计迹长概率分布函数的新方法及其应用

本文提出一种估计迹长概率分布函数的新方法。该方法的优点是不需要有节理在测窗上出露长度的数据，有效的减少了野外工作量     

长江三峡工程库首区地壳稳定性模糊数学综合评价

地壳稳定性是指一定时期、一定地域内地质体(包括深部地质体和表层岩土体)的稳定程度, 它受地壳结构构造、各种地质作用与工程建设相互作用等的综合影响, 具有综合模糊概念, 本文试图运用模糊数学进行长江三峡工程库首区地壳稳定性定量化综合评价。     

被载地质体在地质制图中的最佳视觉效应：在沉积盆地分析中应用实例

论述了地质制图最佳视觉效应；提出了盆地分析工作中超常规图件编制的实例；对客观地质体的几何形态在信息反馈上给予全方位，多层次的揭露，打存以往传统式常规的单一编图模式。