采动对红层水涌入矿井的影响

根据实际观测资料,论述采动作用下红层水力特征变化及对矿井充水的影响。红层在采动作用下,纵向上迅速形成发育较高的采动裂隙,构成红层水迅速下泄的通道,随后在上覆岩层重力作用下裂隙又被压实,从而阻碍了红层水下泄;横向上红层受采动影响的范围较小。     

三维速度结构的研究现状和展望

本文评述了三维速度图像研究的现状,简要地叙述了在全球尺度、大尺度和区域尺度内三维速度图像重建所取得的主要成果.笔者在介绍了三维速度图像同地球科学其它领域的关系之后,在对未来的展望中认为,为板块构造和地球动力学这样一些基本的地学问题提供直接的地震学的证据将是一个长期的目标,并为此提出了三个要解决的问题,还针对我国现有条件提出了供选择的参考课题.     

长江三峡及其邻区断裂活动时间序列

本文将断裂活动的年龄值做为断裂活动的事件，通过长江三峡春邻区断层活动年龄的统计，建立了该区断裂活动的时间序列，将其同中国大陆地壳活动节变化相对化，讨论了两者之间的对应关系，获得若干新认识。     

Heat flow and the geothermal potential of Egypt

Preliminary heat flow values ranging from 42 to 175 mW m^–2 have been estimated for Egypt from numerous geothermal gradient determinations with a reasonably good geographical distribution, and a limited number of thermal conductivity determinations. For northern Egypt and the Gulf of Suez, gradients were calculated from oil well bottom hole temperature data; east of the Nile, and at three sites west of the Nile, gradients were calculated from detailed temperature logs in shallow boreholes. With one exception, the heat flow west of the Nile and in northern Egypt is estimated to be low, 40–45 mW m^–2, typical of a Precambrian Platform province. A local high, 175 mW m^–2, is probably due to local oxidational heating or water movement associated with a phosphate mineralized zone. East of the Nile, however, including the Gulf of Suez, elevated heat flow is indicated at several sites, with a high of 175 mW m^–2 measured in a Precambrian granitic gneiss approximately 2 km from the Red Sea coast. These data indicate potential for development of geothermal resources along the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez coasts. Water geochemistry data confirm the high heat flow, but do not indicate any deep hot aquifers. Microearthquake monitoring and gravity data indicate that the high heat flow is associated with the opening of the Red Sea.     

“三江”弧形构造及其控矿意义

弧形构造是较特殊的地质构造形迹,属扭动或旋扭构造,是在特定的递变应力场中产生,具有明显的构造变形相带以及有成效的控岩控矿作用,往往能提供作为大型-超大型矿床形成宏观机制的同位成矿边界条件。本文以西南三江地区为重点,就弧形构造控岩控矿作用的某些问题作进一步讨论。并作出相关的成矿预测。     

三峡库区丰都段泥质岩的工程地质特性及其水稳性分析

三峡库区丰都段基岩岸坡主要由J2—3泥质岩与砂岩互层组成。其中泥质岩(包括泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩)所占比例较大。根据野外调查和室内试验测试结果，三峡库区丰都段泥质岩普遍具有较高的成岩胶结程度，大部分泥质岩膨胀性弱或不具有膨胀性，因而具有良好的水稳性和崩解耐久性，并且随着粗颗粒含量的增大，泥质岩的水稳性明显提高。可以认为，三峡库区丰都段目前稳定的泥质岩岸坡在水库蓄水后仍将比较稳定。相对而言，粘粒含量较高的泥岩岸坡在水位波动带受干湿交替影响比较明显。     

用GPS技术研究三峡工程万州库区滑坡的稳定性

三峡水库2003年建成蓄水后，库区水位将有大幅度的升高，可能引起多处滑坡等地质灾害。文章在概述了GPS相对定位技术的理论，应用现状和进展的基础上，讨论了在库区运用GPS相对定位技术开展滑坡稳定性监测与研究的有关问题。基于在重庆市万州库区建立GPS滑坡监测网的观测实践，总结了提高观测精度的几点措施，论述了GPS技术在滑坡稳定性研究中的有效性。最后，以吴家湾实验小学变形体为例，详细介绍了这一地区的地质构造特点，初步分析了近两年所获得的GPS观测成果。     

Why did Arabia separate from Africa? Insights from 3-D laboratory experiments

We have performed 3-D scaled lithospheric experiments to investigate the role of the gravitational force exerted by a subducting slab on the deformation of the subducting plate itself. Experiments have been constructed using a dense silicone putty plate, to simulate a thin viscous lithosphere, floating in the middle of a large box filled with glucose syrup, simulating the upper mantle. We examine three different plate configurations: (i) subduction of a uniform oceanic plate, (ii) subduction of an oceanic-continental plate system and, (iii) subduction of a more complex oceanic-continental system simulating the asymmetric Africa-Eurasia system. Each model has been performed with and without the presence of a circular weak zone inside the subducting plate to test the near-surface weakening effect of a plume activity. Our results show that a subducting plate can deform in its interior only if the force distribution varies laterally along the subduction zone, i.e. by the asymmetrical entrance of continental material along the trench. In particular, extensional deformation of the plate occurs when a portion of the subduction zone is locked by the collisional process. The results of this study can be used to analyze the formation of the Arabian plate. We found that intraplate stresses, similar to those that generated the Africa-Arabia break-up, can be related to the Neogene evolution of the northern convergent margin of the African plate, where a lateral change from collision (Mediterranean and Bitlis) to active subduction (Makran) has been described. Second, intraplate stress and strain localization are favored by the presence of a weakness zone, such as the one generated by the Afar plume, producing a pattern of extensional deformation belts resembling the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift system.     

基于GIS的长江三峡水库诱发地震预测数据库构建

从系统需求分析出发 ,介绍了可视化的长江三峡水库诱发地震预测数据库构建的主要内容及其实施技术路线 ,划分了国内外典型的诱震震例以及长江三峡地区基础地理、诱震地质环境和诱发地震前兆监测等相关基础信息的主要类型 ,确定了各类信息的数据库结构和数据格式。在此基础上 ,对各类基础图形进行数字化处理 ,建立了可视化的图形数据库 ;通过其相关属性信息的录入或转换 ,建立了各类图形相应的属性数据库 ;利用GIS技术 ,对图形数据库及其属性数据库进行了无缝集成 ,实现了图形数据与其相应属性数据间的可视化交互式查询、浏览、管理和分析     

三江并流区居民点空间分布规律

利用GIS技术，以国家1：25万基础地理数据库等数字化信息为主要信息源，运用空间分析的研究方法，对云南省三江并流区的地势变化、坡度、坡向及其与居民点空间分布规律的关系进行了定量分析，揭示了该区各自然环境要素对居民点分布的影响程度，拓展了聚落地理学的研究手段。