BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed is the article: Small-State Security in the Balkans . Aurel Braun. South American Development: A Geographical Introduction . Rosemary D. F. Bromley and Ray Bromley. Interregional Migration, National Policy and Social Justice . Gordon L. Clark. Marketing Architectural and Engineering Services . Weld Coxe. A Geography of the Third World . J. P. Dickenson, C. G. Clarke, W. T. S. Gould, R. M. Prothero, D. J. Siddle, C. T. Smith, E. M. Thomas-Hope, and A. G. Hodgkiss. Wildlife and Man in Texas: Environmental Change and Conservation . Robin W. Doughty. At the Sea's Edge . William T. Fox. Englewood Cliffs Geography and Ecology . I. P. Gerasimov. Urbanization in Contemporary Latin America. Critical Approaches to the Analysis of Urban Issues . Alan Gilbert in association with Jorge E. Hardoy and Ronaldo Ramírez, eds. The Coming of the Transactional City . Jean Gottmann. College Park Visions of City and Country: Prints and Photographs of Nineteenth-Century France . Bonnie L. Grad and Timothy A. Riggs. Worcester Soviet Geography Today: Physical Geography . N. A. Gvozdetskiy, ed. Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians . Raymond B. Hames and William T. Vickers, eds. Urban and Regional Industrial Research: The Changing UK Data Base . Michael Healey, ed. Cuando se Acaban los Montes . Stanley Heckadon Moreno. A Panama Forest and Shore: Natural History and Amerindian Culture in Bocas del Toro . Burton L. Gordon. Pacific Grove Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900–1982 . Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman. Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy . Robert G. Jensen, Theodore Shabad, and Arthur W. Wright, eds. The Changing Geography of the United Kingdom . R. J. Johnston and J. C. Doornkamp, eds. Pluralism and Political Geography—People, Territory and State . Nurit Kliot and Stanley Waterman, eds. Landmarks Preservation and the Property Tax . David Listokin. Irrigation Horticulture in Highland Guatemala: The Tablón System of Panajachel . Kent Mathewson. Her Space, Her Place: A Geography of Women . Mary Ellen Mazey and David R. Lee. Man, A Geomorphological Agent . Dov Nir. Dordrecht The Book of America: Inside the 50 States Today . Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom. Rivers . Geoffrey E. Petts. Proceedings, United States/Australia Workshop on Design and Implementation of Computer-Based Geographic Information Systems . Donna Peuquet and John O'Callaghan, eds. Outdoor Recreational and Resource Management . John Pigram. Remaking the City: Social Science Perspectives on Urban Design . John S. Pipkin, Mark La Gory and Judith R. Blau, eds. The Crust of Our Earth: An Armchair Traveler's Guide to the New Geology . Chet Raymo. Englewood Cliffs Concepts and Themes in the Regional Geography of Canada J. Lewis Robinson. Vancouver Secondary Cities in Developing Countries: Policies for Diffusing Urbanization . Dennis A. Rondinelli. Beverly Hills Legal Foundations of Environmental Planning , Vol 1. J. G. Rose. Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming? Stephen Seidel and Dale Keyes. Mobilizing Human Resources in the Arab World . R. Paul Shaw. Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota . William C. Sherman. The Future of Conflict in the 1980s . William J. Taylor, Jr. and Steven A. Maaranen, eds. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information . Edward R. Tufte. U.S. 40 Today: Thirty Years of landscape Change in America . Thomas R. Vale and Geraldine R. Vale. Madison Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria . Michael Watts. Readings in Historic Preservation: Why? What? How? Norman Williams Jr., Edmund Kellogg and Frank Gilbert, eds.     

Bianchi型宇宙的量子化

本文将Ｗｈｅｅｌｅｒ—ＤｅＷｉｔｔ方程的平方根形式用于具有辐射场源的Ｂｉａｎｃｈｉ—Ⅰ型宇宙组成的微超空间模型，由此导出一个具有守恒流和正定几率密度的宇宙波函数．本文探讨了Ｂｉａｎｃｈｉ型宇宙的３次量子化，把类似于弯曲时空中量子场论程序应用到各向异性的Ｂｉａｎｃｈｉ—Ⅲ型宇宙中，给出了Ｗｈｅｅｌｅｒ—ＤｅＷｉｔｔ方程所满足的宇宙波函数解．把波函数作为微超空间中宇宙场算符看待后，不仅能解决量子宇宙学中几率解释的困难，而且也能得到宇宙多次产生的结论．同时估算了各种宇宙从“无”产生平均数目，给出了宇宙生成的分布，发现它遵从Ｐｌａｎｃｋ分布．     

A systematic investigation of optimal carrier-phase combinations for modernized triple-frequency GPS

The upcoming modernization of the GPS signals will allow for measurements on an additional third frequency L5 located at 1176.45 MHz. To take advantage of carrier-phase measurements on this new signal, the strategies for integer ambiguity resolution, required for centimeter-level accuracy, may need to be revised. The Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment method remains perhaps the most powerful tool for finding the best combinations based on a complete decorrelation of the variance–covariance matrix related to the ambiguities. However, the computational load of that method plus the opportunity to comprehensively study the interaction of multiple frequencies suggest a reconsideration of approaches using predefined combinations between frequencies is not out of place. In this paper a systematic investigation is made of all possible triple-frequency geometry-free carrier-phase combinations which retain the integer nature of the ambiguities. The concept of the lane-number is presented to unambiguously describe the wavelength of a particular combination. The propagation of the observation noise and of the ionospheric bias on these combinations is presented. These noise and ionospheric amplification factors are analysed with respect to the resulting wavelength, in an effort to highlight optimal combinations characterized by a long wavelength, low noise and limited ionospheric impact.