基于Diviner热红外数据的Apollo 15登陆区元素含量反演

月球元素含量的反演是了解月球物质成分的分布和月球矿产资源开发利用的依据。通过比较月球样品元素含量与不同粒径样品光谱CF值所建立模型的反演精度,确定10~20μm粒径样品最适用于月表元素含量反演。以Apollo 15登陆点附近为例,利用Diviner热红外数据得到了完整覆盖度和更高分辨率月球CF值影像,反演了月表Al、Fe、Mn、Mg和Ca元素相对含量。与月球样品实测值进行了对比,均方根误差均小于3,验证了利用红外数据反演月表元素相对含量的可行性,为月表元素含量反演提供了新的思路。     

山东省温泉分布规律及地下热水资源预测

温泉作为一种含矿的地热流体,是地下热水由地壳深部上升到地表的天然露头。山东省已发现温泉１８处,划分为鲁东、鲁西及沂沭断裂带三个分布区,其中鲁东和鲁西两个分布区的温泉在分布数量、泉温、密集度及所处的地质构造部位等方面均有明显差别。通过分析温泉分布区深部地壳结构、区域构造背景及热源、水源等形成条件,可将上述三个分布区及鲁北断陷平原区的地下热水资源,初步划分为４个预测区及２２个预测亚区。     

Elemental and isotopic geochemistry in the hydrothermal area of Chaves,Vila Pouca de Aguiar (northern Portugal)

Chaves thermal waters (76°C) are the most important external manifestations of low-temperature geothermal systems occurring in Portuguese mainland. They are related to crystalline granitic rocks. This paper describes the use of the environmental isotopic composition (oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium) of hot and cold waters of the Chaves area as an important hydrogeological tool to solve specific problems arising in the appraisal of the geothermal resources of the area (e.g., origin and age of waters, recharge area, and underground flow paths).¹⁸O and D analyses seem to confirm the meteoric origin of Chaves thermal waters. The local altitude dependence of meteoric waters was determined by¹⁸O and D analyses of superficial and shallow groundwaters of the Chaves plain and its bordering mountains. Chaves thermal waters seem to be related to meteoric waters, infiltrated on the highest topography areas (Bolideira granitic outcrop NE Chaves), that percolate at great depth and emerge in a discharge area at lower altitude (Chaves plain). Chaves thermal waters showing little oxygen-18 shift and low tritium concentrations could be considered external manifestations of an old geothermal system in which the isotopic water-rock interaction is adjusted to equilibrium.     

张北6.2级地震前的卫星热红外异常

利用张北地震前 1个月华北北部 (37～ 42°N,1 1 3～ 1 1 9°E)的气象卫星 NOAA/ AVHRR热红外遥感资料 ,提取震前热红外温度异常 ,研究其时空变化的过程和特征 ,并对热红外温度异常与地震的关系进行初步的探讨。结果表明 ,在张北地震前 1 3天沿张家口 -渤海断裂带确有显著的热红外温度异常出现。异常区域呈条带状 ,且与 NW向地质构造一致 ;温度异常的动态变化可大致分为初始、平缓发展和临震加速 3个阶段。将热红外温度异常作为一种临震前兆对强震的预报具有一定的映震效应     

A Wind Tunnel and Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Dispersion in Coastal Atmospheric Boundary Layers

Thermal internal boundary layers in onshore air flows have a significant influence on pollutant diffusion in coastal areas. Although several models for this diffusion problem exist, measurements for model verification are scarce. In this paper, we present a set of wind tunnel observations and examine the performance of a Lagrangian stochastic model. The good agreement between the model simulation and the tunnel measurements confirms the usefulness of the Lagrangian stochastic model for practical purposes. Sensitivity tests of the model to turbulence statistics show that uncertainty in velocity skewness to the extent of observational scatter does not seem to have a significant influence on pollutant dispersion, while uncertainties in turbulence intensity (variance) significantly influence the dispersion pattern.     

中国四川地区地球磁场强度的长期变化

运用 Thellier 逐步热退磁法,主要测定了我国四川一些地区新石器时期至明、清各朝代的地球磁场总强度值。本文结果表明,在过去5000多年里,该地区地球磁场的总强度随时间呈较大幅度的变化。将该地区与我国其它相关地区地球磁场总强度的长期变化曲线进行对比研究的结果表明:变化的总趋势大致可比,但最高值出现的时间不同.从过去四千年间,新疆、四川、广东、福建及洛阳一些地区的地球磁场强度变化曲线中最高峰和跨时千余年的"M"型变化中低峰出现的时间推得的滞后速度在0.01°-0.03°/a 之间。     

Conditional Wavelet Technique Applied to Aircraft Data Measured in the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer During Sea-Breeze Events

We describe a wavelet-based technique to determine the spectral turbulentcontribution to the vertical flux of sensible heat in a position-wavelength representation. This technique combines awavelet transform (Morlet wavelet) with conditional sampling. We apply this methodto aircraft datacollected during a sea-breeze circulation (BEMA97 experiment) with heterogeneousturbulence conditions horizontally and vertically as well. The turbulent fluxes are analysed with the conditional wavelet techniqueas a function of the wavelength and the horizontal distance.The turbulent processes within the thermal internal boundary layer associatedwith the sea breeze are clearly identified. The results exhibit the wavelength bands through which the upward flux (originating fromthe surface) and the downward flux (originating from the top of theboundary layer) are important.     

Rheological implications of the strong seismic reflector in the Kakkonda geothermal field, Japan

We re-processed the seismic reflection survey data of the Kakkonda geothermal field. The pre-stack migration delineates a strong and continuous reflector between 1800- and 2800-m depth, below which formations are not reflective. Earthquake data exhibit seismicity in the upper crust. The lower boundary of seismogenic layer is interpreted as the brittle–ductile transition. The thermal structure is thought to be the major factor controlling its depth. We compared the strong reflector with the thermal and rheological structure from drillholes. The depth of the reflector corresponds to the top of the highly–very highly fractured zone observed from formation microscanner imagery (FMI) logging in the Miocene formations. The density of fracture in the Kakkonda granite is very low, suggesting that granite corresponds to the nonreflective zone. The temperature–depth profile of well WD-1a shows that the temperature at the highly–very highly fractured zone is about 350 °C. This corresponds to a hydrothermal convection zone filled with two-phase geothermal fluid. The cut-off depth of seismicity that indicates the brittle–ductile transition lies at the isotherm of 300–350 °C near the reflector. We conclude that the strong seismic reflector is a strong contrast in acoustic impedance at the top of the fractured layer. The fractured layer could be a decoupling plane caused by different tectonic behaviors between the upper brittle and the lower ductile layers or a dehydration front by thermal diffusion. The similarity between the strong reflector and K-horizon, the strong reflector, found in southern Tuscany, Italy suggests that the P-wave reflector at the top of highly fractured zone at the brittle–ductile transition be common in areas with magmatic activity.     

阻塞高压建立的非线性机理探讨

文中建立了一个考虑斜压大气的超长波、长波与纬向气流相互作用的动力系统 ,其中把热力强迫和摩擦耗散作为外参数 ,采用相轨线图、流函数图和Poincar啨图综合分析的方法 ,绘制了外参数平面上的系统状态和环流型式的分布图。结果表明 :用Galerkin方法时 ,在一定范围内截谱阶数的增加对系统状态分布和环流型分布的影响不大 ,但在一定程度上增加了复杂性 ;加热分布的改变对系统影响很大 ;阻塞高压与环流振荡、经向度强烈发展有密切的联系 ,而天气波的发展有利于激发振荡。     

Thermal Structure and Rheology of the Upper Mantle Derived from Mantle Xenoliths from Gansu Province, Western China

Mantle xenoliths brought up by Cenozoic volcanic rocks onto the earth‘s surface may provide direct information about the upper mantle beneath the volcanic region. This paper presents the study on mantle xenoliths collected from Haoti village, Dangchang County, Gansu Province, western China. The main purpose of the study is to gain an insight into the thermal structure and rbeology of the upper mantle beneath the region. The results show that the upper mantle of the region is composed mainly of spinel lherzolite at shallower depth (52-75km), and garnet iberzolite at greater depth (greater than 75km), instead of harzburgite and dunite as proposed by some previous studies. The upper mantle geotherm derived from the equilibrium temperatures and pressures of xenoliths from the region is lower than that of North China, and is somewhat closer to the Oceanic geotherm. The crust-mantle boundary is determined from the geotherm to be at about 52km, and the Moho seems to be the transition zone of lower crust material with spinel iberzolite. If we take 1280℃ as the temperature of the top of asthenosphere, then the fithospbere-asthenosphere boundary should be at about 120km depth. The differential stress of the upper mantle is determined by using recrystallized grain size piezometry, while the strain rate and equivalent viscosity are determined by using the high temperature flow law of peridotite. The differential stress, strain rate and viscosity profiles constructed on the basis of the obtained values indicate that asthenospberic diapir occurred in this region during the Cenozoic time, resulting in the corresponding thinning of the lithosphere. However, the scale and intensity of the diapir was significantly less than that occurring in the North China region. Moreover, numerous small-scale shear zones with localized deformation might occur in the iithospberic mantle, as evidenced by the extensive occurrence of xenoliths with tabular equigranular texture.