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681.
利用为期一年的卫星遥感温度(SABER/TIMED)资料重建了120°E子午圈内中间层和低热层大气潮汐各主要频率分量(周日、半日和8小时潮汐).这些主要频率分量随高度振幅增大,在97 km高度达到显著的振幅;其中迁移性周日潮汐在97 km高度出现极大振幅,然后随高度衰减.本文从考察迁移性成分和非迁移性成分各自在总潮汐中贡献角度出发,着重讨论了那些对形成该子午圈中97 km高度上整体潮汐扰动起控制作用的潮汐成分.结果显示,对周日和半日频率这两种潮汐而言,迁移性成分控制了它们的总体时空分布.在春分季节,迁移性周日潮的控制作用最显著,决定了赤道和两半球热带的活动中心;其中北半球副热带地区的季节变化形势与以往利用武汉(30°N,114°E)流星雷达风测量资料开展分析得到的结果是一致的;其他季节受非迁移性成分明显影响,例如,在本文关注的2005年中,夏至季节受(1,0)模、(1,-3)模和(1,-2)模的共同影响形成了从赤道向南延伸的活动中心,极值中心位于赤道附近,振幅达到了20 K以上,是全年的最大值.受迁移性成分控制,半日潮活动主要出现在两半球热带地区,北半球活动中心位于秋分季节(振幅达到13 K),南半球活动中心位于春分和夏至之间.其他季节受非迁移成分的影响,形成若干分布在两半球的活动中心.在本文关注的40°S~40°N范围内,与周日潮和半日潮相比,8小时潮汐具有显著较低的振幅;另外,虽然迁移性成分在一年中的大部分时间系统地分布在两半球热带地区,但是非迁移成分具有与迁移性成分相当或更大的振幅,在整体上控制了这种潮汐的时空分布. 相似文献
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684.
The Philippines is highly susceptible to both geophysical and climate-related disasters. This article explores Filipinos knowledge and perception of climate change and their association with what action Filipinos take to prepare for rapid onset natural hazards such as typhoons. Data for this study were collected from a nationally representative random survey of 5,184 adults conducted between March and April of 2017. Filipinos self-report relatively low levels of knowledge of climate change and cited increased temperatures, shifts in seasons, and heavier rains as the most likely consequences. Levels of disaster preparedness in the Philippines differ widely by region. Although most Filipinos perceive that natural hazards are a risk to them, only a third of Filipinos undertake measures to prepare for disasters. Filipinos who perceive climate-related changes directly impacting their households report taking greater action to prepare for disasters. Filipinos who believe they have been directly impacted by climate-related changes are also more likely to prepare for disasters, take planning actions, and undertake material actions to prepare, such as dwelling improvements. Other factors associated with disaster preparedness include gender, membership in an association, wealth, risk perception, and prior exposure to and losses due to disasters. The findings imply that, while posing different challenges and requiring different responses, adaptation to climate change and disaster preparedness are inherently associated and potentially mutually reinforcing. Policies and programs would arguably benefit from a more unified intervention framework that links climate change adaptation and disaster preparedness. 相似文献
685.
Tao Zhen Shen ChengDe Gao QuanZhou Sun YanMin Yi WeiXi Li YingNian 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1103-1114
High-resolution sampling, measurements of organic carbon contents and 14C signatures of selected four soil profiles in the Haibei Station situated on the northeast Tibetan Plateau, and application
of 14C tracing technology were conducted in an attempt to investigate the turnover times of soil organic carbon and the soil-CO2 flux in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The results show that the organic carbon stored in the soils varies from 22.12×104 kg C hm−2 to 30.75×104 kg C hm−2 in the alpine meadow ecosystems, with an average of 26.86×104 kg C hm−2. Turnover times of organic carbon pools increase with depth from 45 a to 73 a in the surface soil horizon to hundreds of
years or millennia or even longer at the deep soil horizons in the alpine meadow ecosystems. The soil-CO2 flux ranges from 103.24 g C m−2 a−1 to 254.93 gC m−2 a−1, with an average of 191.23 g C m−2 a−1. The CO2 efflux produced from microbial decomposition of organic matter varies from 73.3 g C m−2 a−1 to 181 g C m−2 a−1. More than 30% of total soil organic carbon resides in the active carbon pool and 72.8%281.23% of total CO2 emitted from organic matter decomposition results from the topsoil horizon (from 0 cm to 10 cm) for the Kobresia meadow. Responding to global warming, the storage, volume of flow and fate of the soil organic carbon in the alpine meadow
ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau will be changed, which needs further research.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40231015, 40471120 and 40473002) and the Guangdong
Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 06300102) 相似文献
686.
青海南部杂多地区超镁铁质-镁铁质岩石的特征及Ar—Ar定年 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过野外地质研究和室内岩相学、岩石地球化学研究,在位于青藏高原中部的青海杂多地区的双湖-澜沧江结合带中发现了一套超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩。该超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩沿北西—南东向区域构造线多呈岩脉状侵入在早石炭世杂多群中,局部呈构造透镜体分布在断裂带中或呈包体分布在白垩纪花岗岩中,出露规模不大,局部侵入体具有层状侵入杂岩体的特征。主要岩石类型为辉石橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉长辉绿岩,岩石地球化学具高Ti、Fe、Al、Ga和LREE中等富集的特征。橄榄岩中角闪石的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素测年得到275.3Ma±1.9Ma的坪年龄,表明这套超镁铁—镁铁质岩石可能为早、中二叠世弧后盆地拉张的产物。 相似文献
687.
青藏高原北部新生代湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
对青藏高原北部地区新生代陆相地层中湖相碳酸盐岩进行了系统采样分析,以碳氧同位素作为古环境和古气候变化的替代指标,试图从古湖泊演化的角度,阐明高原新生代早期环境演变历史和过程。研究结果表明,该区所有分析样品中生物碎屑灰岩类样品的δ18O和δ13C显示最低值,反映它们沉积在一个水体滞留时间短的开放性淡水湖泊系统中。泥晶灰岩类样品的δ18O和δ13C之间具有正相关关系,表明它们发育在蒸发作用明显的封闭性咸水湖泊体系中,而叠层石灰岩类明显富集13C可能与微生物活动有关。从始新世到渐新世至中新世,湖相碳酸盐岩δ18O值具有逐渐增大的趋势,δ13C则由古近纪的负值变为新近纪的正值,反映该区古湖泊系统经历了一个由开放到封闭的过程,预示古近纪到新近纪之交高原古气候格局发生了重大变革。 相似文献
688.
青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山上三叠统望湖岭组的建立及意义 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
在果干加年山的主脊及其以北识别出一套稳定的沉积岩系,角度不整合于蛇绿混杂岩之上,以细砂岩、硅质粉砂岩为主,其中夹有大小不等的古生代外来岩块,底砾岩成分因地而异并具有快速堆积的特点,底部夹有流纹岩。厚度大于1633m。流纹岩夹层获得的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb谐和年龄为214Ma±4Ma,时代为晚三叠世诺利期。在剖面测制和区域对比的基础上建立了上三叠统望湖岭组,代表龙木错-双湖缝合带闭合以后接受的最早的沉积盖层。望湖岭组之下的蛇绿混杂岩获得阳起石Ar-Ar年龄219.7Ma±6.5Ma。同位素定年确定构造转化事件发生在214~220Ma之间,为龙木错-双湖缝合带的闭合时间提供了确切的时间约束,望湖岭组是这一事件的沉积记录,是龙木错-双湖缝合带蛇绿混杂岩之上首次发现的沉积盖层。 相似文献
689.
The Chinese Loess Plateau is suffering from severe soil erosion. The eco-environmental changes of the plateau are believed
to have an important influence on global eco-environmental sustainability; hence, this problem has attracted considerable
attention from scientists around the world. This study has two purposes; application of remote sensing (RS) and geographic
information system (GIS) techniques in the dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes in the semiarid zone; and using the
Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau as an example, to make dynamic analysis of the eco-environmental changes of the
region during the 1986–2004 period and identify controlling factors. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data at a spatial resolution
of 30 m were used for analysis. Two training areas were selected in Jingning and Qingcheng counties for analysis using 10-m
resolution SPOT and Landsat TM data. The satellite RS images were obtained from the Institute of Remote Sensing Application
(IRSA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Each images was rectified by Albers Equal Area Conic projection based on 1:50,000
scale topographic maps after spectrum preparation of the images. To make the precision within 1 or 2 pixels, the accurate
coordinative control points of the two systems were identified. Then the interpretation key was established based on the land
use/cover survey in the study area. The images were classified into six primary environmental types (farmland, forest, grassland,
water, construction area, and desert) and 25 sub-types using a visual image interactive interpretation method to obtain vector
and attribute data. The resultant accuracy of the land use/cover classification reached 95%. Finally, the transformation areas
and ratios of various eco-environmental types in the region were calculated to obtain the transition matrixes of eco-environmental
types in the two training areas, Jingning and Qingcheng. This study demonstrates that satellite RS and GIS techniques are
effective tools to monitor and analyze the eco-environmental changes in the semiarid region. Visual image interactive interpretation
based on GIS technique provides comprehensive information on the direction, rate, and location of eco-environmental changes.
The transition matrix model can be used to precisely analyze the variation and rates of the eco-environmental types and their
spatial distribution. Great land use changes have taken place Longdong during the 1986–2004 period. These eco-environmental
changes were driven by natural and human factors. Natural factors influencing the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau
mainly include temperature, water condition, terrain, soil, and erosion; while human activities include over-cultivation,
overgrazing, and fuelwood cutting. As viewed from the extent and severity of the influences, human activities play a very
important role in altering the eco-environment of the semiarid region. The study results indicate a need for future research
and observation in the semiarid region. 相似文献
690.
在通道中利用“阂值”命令创建选择X-255。在通道混合中创建任意色阶区间选择X1~X2。利用通道混合“减去”模式中“缩放”“补偿值”实现深度自由选择。 相似文献