中国蛤蜊Mactra chinensis Philippi稚贝运动行为学初步研究

为从行为学角度解释中国蛤蜊(Mactra chinensis Philippi)的跑滩现象, 研究了规格、温度对其跳跃行为以及底质、流速和周期性干露对其潜沙行为的影响。结果表明, 中国蛤蜊运动能力与其规格和水温有关, 3 mm稚贝不具备跳跃能力, 5 mm以上具备跳跃能力; 跳跃频率和高度随水温的升高呈上升趋势。中国蛤蜊稚贝潜沙比例均随时间推移逐渐上升; 各时间节点中国蛤蜊稚贝在细沙底质的潜沙比例最高, 中沙底质次之, 粗沙底质最低。施加微弱水流后, 中国蛤蜊稚贝潜沙速度和比例显著增加; 流速增大到一定程度后部分稚贝被水流冲走, 潜沙比例随之下降。周期性干露会导致中国蛤蜊稚贝从底质中爬出, 干露时间越长, 爬出比例越高。干露后的稚贝重新放置于海水中, 部分稚贝会在水面漂浮一段时间后再下落至水底, 漂浮比例随干露时间的增加而增加。本研究从行为学角度初步查明了中国蛤蜊跑滩现象, 为解决中国蛤蜊防跑滩问题提供了思路。     

答《关于深海锰结核中“纳米级超微生物化石”的思考和建议》一文

本文详细讨论了东太平洋深海锰矿结核中新发现的中华微放线菌和太平洋螺球孢菌究竟是不是超微结构，首先，它们是笔者根据形态，结构和元素成分作为超微生物化石进行鉴定的，其次，透射电子显微镜中可以清楚地区分出完整的微生物结构，包括菌丝，孢子，孢囊和菌落等，它们之间的尺寸比例也是适当的，此外，透射电子显微像还揭示，深海锰质叠层石的纹层就是这些超微生物韵律性生长的结果，与滨海叠层中的纹层十分相似，笔者认为，已知微生物的最小尺寸不能作为否定新发现的超微生物化石的依据。本文还讨论了超微生物化石的术语问题。     

黄连种植对生态环境影响的初步研究

黄连对生境要求特殊，其生产完全依赖于森林资源的消耗，每种1hm^2黄连要破坏3hm^2林地，消耗150m^3木材，每个种植阶段都会引起较严重的水土流失，其中第一年的土壤侵蚀模数为5360t／km^2。在重庆市石柱县黄连主产区黄水镇，由于历年来一直种植黄连，野生动物生存环境长期受到破坏，沟河鱼类资源2001年比1981年减少。73％，有8种大型陆生脊椎动物绝迹，而一些食草性动物的数量近年有所增加。     

Biogeochemical Prospecting of Sulphide Minerals in Winder Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract: The Mor Range is mountainous terrain in southern Balochistan dominantly occupied by exposures of rocks of the Ferozabad Group which is comprised of Lower‐Middle Jurassic carbonates and siliciclastics. This group contains syngenetic and epigenetic Zn–Pb–Ba mineralization classified as Stratiform Sediment‐Hosted (SSH) and Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposits. Three important flora of the Saharo–Sindian, phytogeographical region of Pakistan, namely Tamarix aphyl–la, Salvadora oleoides and Acacia arabica have been studied as a mineralization prospecting tool. Samples of these species were collected from Winder Valley adjoining the Mor Range to prospect for new areas of mineralization, besides the known sulphide deposits. This study revealed the Draber, Thorar, Raj, Mithi and Kanrach localities as new prospect. Quantitative estimation of biophile elements (Zn–Cu–Pb) from the three species was made. A number of new Zn, Cu and Pb anomalies were distinguished in the area. The variation in the constituents of these species from different localities possibly varies with nature and distance from bedrock, mobility, climate, average abundance in the plant ash and exclusion mechanism of the flora. Acacia arabica with deep penetrating roots shows the best results and could be used to delineate new horizons of mineralization. In these species Zn and Cu are relatively concentrated whereas Pb shows limited enrichment. Lead therefore is the element best suited for pinpointing the mineralization owing to its relatively less mobile character. Relationships among Zn–Cu–Pb have been established using scattergrams and triangular variation diagram, which also demonstrate their genetic affiliation. Statistical analyses, such as determination of mean, mode, median, standard deviation, and coefficient of correlation, were also made to improve the raw geochemical data. These biogeochemical methods appear to be suitable in arid climate of Balochistan, if proper attention is paid to species selection.     

Studies on the ingestion characteristics of giant freshwater prawn, Chinese prawn and giant tiger prawn

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｇｉａｎｔｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｐｒａｗｎ (Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉｉ) ,Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｈｒｉｍｐ (Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)ａｎｄｇｉａｎｔｔｉｇｅｒｐｒａｗｎ (Ｐ .ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ)ａｒｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｈｒｉｍｐｓｆｏｒｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ａｓｗｅｋｎｏｗ ,ｆｅｅｄｓｔｕｆｆｃｏｓｔｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｉｔｅｍｉｎｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ.Ｏｖｅｒｆｅｅｄｉｎｇｗｉｌｌｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｗａｓｔｅｆｅｅ…     

DETECTION OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS(WSSV) OF PENAEUS CHINENSIS BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｈｉｔｅＳｐｏｔＳｙｎｄｒｏｍｅＶｉｒｕｓ (ＷＳＳＶ)ｉｎＰｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｉｓｔｈｅｃａｕｓａｔｉｖｅａｇｅｎｔｏｆａｖｅｒｙｓｅｖｅｒｅｅｐｉｚｏｏｔｉｃｄｉｓｅａｓｅｗｈｉｃｈ,ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ 1 993 ,ｈａｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ 80 %ｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｓｈｒｉｍｐｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｆａｒｍｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｚｈａｎｅｔａｌ.,1 995;1 998) .Ｎｏｗ ,ｆｉｖｅｙｅａｒｓｌａｔｅｒ,ｔｈｅｖｉｒｕｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｉｓｓｔｉ…     

对虾病毒病暴发前期病毒和弧菌相互作用关系

模拟天然继发感染研究对虾病毒病暴发前期病毒和弧菌的关系。结果显示 ,弧菌先感染再病毒感染组比病毒先感染再弧菌感染组死亡率高、死亡快、生长慢、免疫功能低下。表明弧菌的潜伏感染对病毒的增殖有利 ,而病毒的潜伏感染对弧菌的继发感染没有明显的促进作用。说明病毒性流行病的暴发前期可能是由弧菌先感染 ,使对虾体内环境发生变化而助长病毒感染 ,其中对虾的免疫力下降是关键     

中国蛤蜊繁殖生物学的初步研究

结合土池育苗的试验,对中国蛤蜊的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了研究。中国蛤蜊在山东省海阳市丁字湾海区的繁殖期为6~8月,7月下旬至8月上旬为产卵盛期。鲜出肉率的变化与性腺发育具有明显的相关性,产卵前达到最大,为45.3%。水温在20℃以上时性腺发育速度明显加快,23~24℃肥满度最大。可用阴干、流水或降低盐度等方法诱导其排放精卵,也可进行解剖受精。中国蛤蜊雌雄异体,个别雌雄同体。胚胎发育可在盐度18~30,温度20~28℃条件下进行,超过30℃则引起幼虫大量死亡。     

中国对虾仔虾对磷需要量的研究

通过观察在饲料中添加磷酸二氢钾对中国对虾仔虾存活率、体长增长率及仔虾体内含磷量的影响,探索了仔虾对磷的需要量。研究表明,添加磷酸二氢钾使饲料中磷含量为1.16%～1.37%时,仔虾的体长增长率最佳。饲料中磷含量在0.71%～1.82%的范围内,对仔虾的存活率、体内的磷含量无显著的影响。     

圆尾斗鱼的胚胎和仔鱼发育的研究

圆尾斗鱼的受精卵呈圆球形，光滑，略带淡黄色，浮性；卵膜吸水膨胀后的平均直径为１．１９ｍｍ，当水温２１－２３．５℃时，从受精卵到孵化出膜需４２．５小时；水温２２－２４．５℃时，刚出膜仔鱼到卵黄囊消失需４天，到油球消失约２５天。出膜３０天仔鱼的形态基本与成体相似。