Geochemisty and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Glenrock Station area,N.S.W.

In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO₂‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite.     

冈底斯东段古新世朱拉岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征

朱拉岩体位于冈底斯带东部,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体,二者呈渐变过渡关系。3件寄主岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值分别为64.6Ma±0.8Ma、64.3Ma±0.8Ma和63.9Ma±0.5Ma,含776Ma的继承岩浆锆石。1件闪长质包体样品年龄加权平均值为66.1Ma±0.3Ma。闪长质包体低Si,中Mg(Mg﹟平均41.1),属铝质高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值为22,Sr/Y值为3.69,稀土元素分馏较低,LREE/HREE平均值为1.92,Eu强烈亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、U、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti),暗示岩浆成分主要为幔源。寄主岩石富Si、K,贫P,属铝质—偏铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值15.9,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ba、P、Ti),具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系的微量元素分布特征。寄主岩石与闪长质包体具有密切的成生联系,闪长岩形成于富集俯冲带组分的地幔熔体,在上升过程中混染了一定量的壳源物质结晶分异产物,寄主岩石则为底侵作用产生的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。结合前人的研究成果,认为古新世朱拉岩体与雅鲁藏布江大洋的向北消减有关。     

柴达木北缘超高压变质带中的岛弧火山岩

青藏高原北部柴北缘发育一套与超高压变质带并行的早古生代岛弧火山岩带,岛弧火山岩以玄武岩类为主,包括一些中酸性岩类,岩石以普遍遭受绿片岩相蚀变为特征,区别于该地区普遍遭受角闪岩相区域变质的元古代的基性火山岩。该早古生代的岛孤火山岩显示三组地球化学特征:①VTG-Ⅰ,岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT);②VTG-Ⅱ,高Al次钙碱性-碱性过渡型玄武岩;③VTG-Ⅲ,较N-MORB更亏损的拉斑玄武岩(异常MORB)。研究认为前两组火山岩是成熟岛弧两个发育阶段的特征性产物:洋壳俯冲到陆壳的初用,由俯冲洋壳和地幔楔的部分熔融形成岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT),随着俯冲板块的速度加快和岛弧周围地壳的加厚,则形成钙碱性玄武岩(CA)、高Al玄武岩。第三组火山岩形成于弧间盆地,由亏损的地幔楔高度部分熔融形成比N-MORB亏损的的火山岩(异常MORB)。岛弧火山岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS法U-Pb年龄为514.2±8.5 Ma,说明柴北缘在早古生代发生过洋壳向陆壳的俯冲作用。鉴于该地区代表陆-陆俯冲作用的柴北缘超高压变质岩石也是形成于早古生代(494Ma),认为陆-陆俯冲作用发生在洋-陆俯冲作用之后,二者时间和空间相伴随。     

The role of Coriolis in sandbank formation due to a headland/island system

Tidal flow past a headland was modelled and the resulting sandbank formation due to bedload transport by eddy systems was examined with particular emphasis on the role of Coriolis. The headland configuration was extended to the more complex case of a headland with a detached island and the role of Coriolis in sandbank formation was again examined. In the headland case, the contribution of Coriolis resulted in the expected change in bed level at the centre of the residual eddies (positive contribution for the cyclonic eddy and negative change for the anticyclonic eddy). In the headland/island case, the role of Coriolis in the resulting bed level change was a function of eddy shedding from the island, defined by the island wake parameter. When eddy shedding occurred, the inclusion of Coriolis had a large magnitude effect on creating flood/ebb sandbank asymmetry. When eddies remained attached to the island, Coriolis had a minor role in the magnitude of this asymmetry.     

1998～2010年夏季台湾海峡西部沿岸海水遥感透明度的年际变化

通过比较分析不同的透明度卫星遥感算法,提出将一个基于固有光学特性的、适用于沿岸海域的算法应用于台湾海峡西岸海域,反演获得1998～2010年SeaWiFS遥感透明度时间序列.根据这组时间序列数据,发现该海域夏季透明度低值(<4 m)年份出现在1998、2001和2006年,高值(最高值达到10 m)年份出现在1999、2004和2010年.控制这一年际变动的因素,以目前有限的数据来看,主要是径流与上升流共同引发的水华强度的变化.此外,该海域透明度在研究时段内没有呈现一定的变化趋势,甚至在2006年之后,似乎在持续加深,说明海峡西岸活跃的经济活动,在1998～2010的13 a间,暂时没有对沿岸水质产生显著的破坏性的影响.     

Geological evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the salt-cored Hoodoo Dome,Sverdrup Basin,Arctic Canada

The evaporite-cored Hoodoo Dome on southern Ellef Ringnes Island, Sverdrup Basin, was examined to improve the understanding of its structural geological history in relation to hydrocarbon migration. Data from geological mapping, reflection seismic, thermal maturity and detrital apatite (U–Th)/He cooling ages are presented. Five stages of diapirism are interpreted from Jurassic to Recent times:1. 180 to 163 Ma (pre-Deer Bay Formation; development of a diapir with a circular map pattern).2. 163 to 133 Ma (Deer Bay to lower Isachsen formations; development of salt wings).3. 115 to 94 Ma (Christopher and Hassel formations; ongoing diapirism and development of an oval map pattern)4. 79 Ma (Kanguk Formation; reactivation of the central diapir).5. 42 Ma to 65 Ma (Eurekan Orogeny; tightening of the anticline).During phase1, the Hoodoo diapir was circular. During phase 2, salt wings formed along its margin. During phase 3, the Hoodoo Dome geometry evolved into a much larger, elongate, doubly plunging anticline. Phase 4 is inferred from thermochronology data as indicated by a cluster of cooling ages, but the extent of motion during that time is unknown. During Phase 5 the dome was tightened creating approximately 700 m of structural relief. Denudation since the end of the Eurekan Orogeny is estimated to be about 600 m.A one dimensional burial history model predicts hydrocarbon generation from Middle and Late Triassic source rocks between 140 and 66 Ma, with majority of hydrocarbon expulsion between 117 and 79 Ma. Hydrocarbon generation post-dates salt wing formation, so that this trap could host natural gas expelled from Triassic source rocks.     

崇明“绿色能源岛”示范区建设初探

"能源岛"技术是国际上近几年发展起来的一种新的能源供应概念和方式,它将高品值的电力与低品值的热、冷3种能量需求有效地统一起来,从而大幅提高能源利用效率,减少碳化物及有害气体的排放,是未来新能源发展的趋势。在充分调查崇明岛自然环境、投资环境、可再生能源储量的基础上,对崇明建设以可再生能源为基础的"绿色能源岛"建设进行综合评价,并提出"能源岛"建设的初步建议,为上海沿海可再生能源开发利用提供了一定的参考。     

海南岛泥蚶人工育苗的初步研究

根据海南岛的气候特点,采取了特定的技术措施,育苗用水加FeCl3处理、二次过滤;亲蚶排放时,单独设置作精池;附着基质选择非酸性海泥;培养耐高温的饵料。另外,还做了亲蚶和稚贝倒池培养实验,结果证明：12小时倒池一次,亲贝培养效果最好;2天倒池一次,稚贝培养效果最好。     

台湾海峡1997年夏季和1998年冬季两航次颗粒有机碳研究

1997～1998年台湾海峡两个航次的数据表明,颗粒有机碳(POC)的平均含量为0．120±0．009mg/dm3,表层POC浓度在夏季和冬季分别存在几个高值区。POC在随深度变化的剖面分布图中,最大值出现在10m层,底层水明显受再悬浮影响,这一剖面的变化规律普遍存在于整个海区及不同季节。夏季POC的深度变化幅度要显著大于冬季,这与垂直混合作用有关。POC与Chl－a相关性较差,暗示以Chl－a估算浮游植物的不确定性及POC产生及来源的复杂性。     

近岸海域光合色素的生物标志作用研究Ⅰ.台湾海峡特征光合色素的分布及其对浮游植物类群结构的指示

１引言 由于高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）的建立,利用光合色素,尤其是类胡萝卜素作为区分浮游植物类群的指示物,成为更方便和有效的化学分类法［１,２］．原因是色素能够很好地进行定量,可涵盖浮游植物的全部粒级范围;而且,适用于大批量样品的分析,甚至可实现现场的船上测定．海洋浮游植物光合色素的研究,比较多地集中在开放大洋,多为利用类胡萝卜素表征浮游植物的类群结构［３－５］;或以光合色素及其降解产物作为浮游植物参与的生物地球化学过程的生物标志物［６－８］．相比较而言,在近岸、陆架海域开展的此类研究较少,且多…