1999年集集地震前后台湾地区地应变率场的分布及其动力学成因

利用集集地震震前(1990-1995年)及震后(2003-2005年)的GPS观测资料,对台湾及附近地区的地应变率场进行了计算.计算结果显示,集集地震前后,台湾地区的应变率场分布格局基本一致,最大主压应变率的最大值位于台湾东部的海岸山脉地区,方向与台湾岛倾斜相交;主压应变由东向西迅速衰减,在中央山脉地区主压应变率小于主...     

勘察设计企业融资新模式探讨:应收账款保理

资金匮乏和应收账款巨大是严重影响勘察设计企业快速发展的两大障碍。本文探索一条融资新模式——应收账款保理业务,通过此项业务不但可以为企业融通资金,解决勘察设计企业的资金瓶颈问题,而且还可以提高企业收款的能力和收款的及时性,进而优化企业财务结构,加速企业的资金周转、减少企业的风险,使企业有效参与市场竞争。     

The effect of typhoon induced rainfall on settling fluxes of particles and organic carbon in Yuanyang Lake, subtropical Taiwan

A sediment-trap monitoring program measured the fluxes of settling particles and organic carbon in Yuanyang Lake, northern Taiwan, from July 2004 to July 2006 and assessed their relations to the amounts of normal monthly and typhoon-event precipitation. The flux of settling particles varied from 0.7 mg cm^?2 month^?1 to 14.7 mg cm^?2 month^?1, and the monthly precipitation ranged from 56 mm to 1218 mm during the survey period. The contributions from typhoon-event precipitation to monthly rainfall amounts were generally larger than 70%. Higher inputs of both particulate and organic carbon into the lake were found during typhoon seasons. Of the annual settling particle loading of 14.9 tons year^?1 to the lake floor, 69% occurred during the typhoon months, and 62% of the annual organic carbon loading of 2.3 tons year^?1 happened during the typhoon months. These results show the importance of typhoon events on the fluxes of settling particles and organic carbon and their delivery to lakes.     

台湾西北部海岸阶地的研究

海岸阶地的形成通常是海准面变动、地壳变动或两者共同作用之结果．研究海阶不仅可印证推论古气候、往昔海准面变化及地壳变动状况,更可藉以了解各区域间变动的差异,全盘了解大地构造的意义,而且小规模的海阶变动,时常与地震活动伴生,因此,研究海阶更可作为判读地震周期的依据之一,所以,世界各地位于地壳活动带的国家对于海阶的型态与演育过程均作详细的调查及研究．本研究以淡水河以南至大安溪以北之海阶作为研究范围,发现台湾西北部位于观音山北部沿海、新竹山子顶沿海、客雅溪口南岸、后龙溪口南岸等4个地区,都有零星的海阶分布．经过阶地分布、地形特征与阶序对比,并利用世界海阶对比基图求出该地区的地壳隆升率与海阶可能形成的年代,藉以了解各区域间变动的差异．台湾西北部海岸地区的海阶大致上可划分为高位及低位2群阶：也,高位海阶分布的高度在15～275m之间,阶面覆盖着红壤层,为晚更新世时所造成;低位海阶分布的范围与高度较小,在海滩与高位阶地末端阶崖之间,沿着海岸成带状分布,阶面无红壤掩覆,海拔大多在10m以下．低位海阶构成的物质多以砾石及砂为主,属全新世海阶,即第四纪最后一次冰期结束后,近1万年以来全球高海水位时期所形成．利用海阶对比基图与已有的定年数据,辅以地形地貌及堆积物特征比较,获得各段阶地之平均隆升率,观音山北部沿海、客雅溪口南岸、后龙溪口南岸3个地区,经过比对,分别是2．1mm／a、2．2mm／a、2．15mm／a,数值相近,显示该区之地盘隆升率及海准面变动状况大致相同;仅新竹山子顶沿海地盘隆升率较小,为1．4mm／a．此表示,台湾岛的海阶变化不仅受到海准面变动的影响,尚受到区域性地壳隆升的控制．     

Seismic hazard model for loss estimation and risk management in Taiwan

We developed a seismic hazard model for Taiwan that integrates all available tectonic, seismicity, and seismic hazard information in the region to provide risk managers and engineers with a model they can use to estimate earthquake losses and manage seismic risk in Taiwan. The seismic hazard model is composed of two major components: a seismotectonic model and a ground-shaking model. The seismotectonic model incorporates earthquakes that are expected to occur on the Ryukyu and Manila subduction zones, on the intermediate-depth Wadati-Benioff seismicity zones, on the active crustal faults, and within seismotectonic provinces. The active crustal faults include the Chelungpu fault zone, the source of the damaging M_W 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, and the Huangchi-Hsiaoyukeng fault zone that forms the western boundary of the Taipei Basin. The ground-shaking model uses both US, worldwide, and Taiwanese attenuation relations to provide robust estimates of peak ground acceleration and response spectral acceleration on a reference site condition for shallow crustal and subduction zone earthquakes. The ground shaking for other site conditions is obtained by applying a nonlinear soil-amplification factor defined in terms of the average shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of the soil profile, consistent with the methodology used in the current US and proposed Taiwan building codes.     

台湾海峡850hPa低空急流天气气候特征的初步分析

本文应用任意３ａ中８５０ｈＰａ上的风及５００ｈＰａ和地面气象资料，对台湾海峡地区出现低空急流的天气气候特征，形成急流的天气背景及其影响下的天气进行初步分析。结果表明，台湾海峡地区８５０ｈＰａ低空急流具有明显的季风特征和特定的地理影响。     

The volcanoes of an oceanic arc from origin to destruction: A case from the northern Luzon Arc

Volcanoes were created, grew, uplifted, became dormant or extinct, and were accreted as part of continents during continuous arc–continent collision. Volcanic rocks in Eastern Taiwan’s Coastal Range (CR) are part of the northern Luzon Arc, an oceanic island arc produced by the subduction of the South China Sea Plate beneath the Philippine Sea Plate. Igneous rocks are characterized by intrusive bodies, lava and pyroclastic flows, and volcaniclastic rocks with minor tephra deposits. Based on volcanic facies associations, Sr–Nd isotopic geochemistry, and the geography of the region, four volcanoes were identified in the CR: Yuemei, Chimei, Chengkuangao, and Tuluanshan. Near-vent facies associations show different degrees of erosion in the volcanic edifices for Chimei, Chengkuangao, and Tuluanshan. Yuemei lacks near-vent rocks, implying that Yuemei’s main volcanic body may have been subducted at the Ryukyu Trench with the northward motion of the Philippine Sea Plate. These data suggest a hypothesis for the evolution of volcanism and geomorphology during arc growth and ensuing arc–continent collision in the northern Luzon Arc, which suggests that these volcanoes were formed from the seafloor, emerging as islands during arc volcanism. They then became dormant or extinct during collision, and finally, were uplifted and accreted by additional collision. The oldest volcano, Yuemei, may have already been subducted into the Ryukyu Trench.     

电镀企业搬迁后场地调查及其环境影响评价

对上海新区一家刚搬迁的电镀厂场地进行现场采样,评价土壤、地下水和废水的环境状况。土壤样品检测了pH、CN-及主要重金属离子等11项指标,地下水样品分析主量元素、重金属元素、NH3-N、NO3--N、NO2--N、溶解性总固体、总硬度、CN-、挥发性酚类、高锰酸盐指数等24项指标,废水样品检测化学耗氧量(CODCr)、挥发性酚及土壤的分析指标共13项。结果表明:厂区内土壤呈碱性,综合污染指数为0.67,仅个别采样点Zn、Ni的单项污染指数大于1,土壤总体环境质量尚可;地下水的综合评价指数在4.27～7.58之间,水质判断为很差或极差,不能作为饮用水源,主要污染指标NH3-N、氯化物、溶解性固体、总硬度、重金属元素、氰化物、挥发性酚、高锰酸盐指数等都低于地下水Ⅳ级标准,未见明显的重金属污染;废水除了pH之外,重金属元素、挥发性酚和氰化物等指标都达到城市污水和电镀污染物排放标准。研究成果对污染型企业搬迁后的原厂区环境监测评价具有一定的借鉴意义。     

1994年9月16日台湾海峡7.3级地震静态库仑应力变化及断裂危险性初步研究

Using the focal mechanism solutions and slip distribution model data of the Taiwan Straits MS7.3 earthquake on September 16, 1994, we calculate the static Coulomb stress changes stemming from the earthquake. Based on the distribution of aftershocks and stress field, as well as the location of historical earthquakes, we analyze the Coulomb stress change triggered by the Taiwan Straits MS7.3 earthquake. The result shows that the static Coulomb stress change obtained by forward modeling based on the slip distribution model is quite consistent with the location of aftershocks in the areas far away from the epicenter. Ninety percent of aftershocks occurred in the stress increased areas. The Coulomb stress change is not entirely consistent with the distribution of aftershocks near the epicenter. It is found that Coulomb stress change can better reflect the aftershock distribution far away from the epicenter, while such corresponding relationship becomes quite complex near the epicenter. Through the calculation of the Coulomb stress change, we find that the stress increases in the southwest part of the Min-Yue (Fujian-Guangdong) coastal fault zone, which enhances the seismic activity. Therefore, it is deemed that the sea area between Nanpeng Island and Dongshan Island, where the Min-Yue coastal fault zone intersects with the NW-trending Shanghang-Dongshan fault, has a high seismic risk.     

The Spatial Knowledge of Indigenous People in Mountainous Environments: A Case Study of Three Taiwanese Indigenous Tribes

This article recounts information gleaned from a case study of three indigenous tribes in Taiwan regarding the origin and nature of their spatial knowledge. Sketched mental maps and GIS 3D virtual environment (VE) are used by indigenous elders and hunters to delineate their traditional territories. Spatial components representing the predominant spatial elements are identified. Spatial structures used for locational positioning are analyzed, as are spatial reference systems for orientation and movement. The results show that spatial components are used for daily activities, as well as having historical and cultural meaning; a quadrant structure is used for spatial positioning; and instead of using the directional reference system of east, south, west, and north, these indigenous people rely on the orientation analogies of uphill, downhill, upstream, and downstream for direction.