三相生物流化床处理啤酒废水

通过三相生物流化床处理啤酒废水的实验研究,探讨曝气量和水力停留时间对处理效果的影响,确定最佳曝气量为0.25 m³/h,最佳水力停留时间为1.5 h。在该实验条件下,COD_cr平均去除率在85％以上,生物浓度高达28.31 mg/L,生物膜活性强,同时反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

胶州湾沉积物中一氧化碳的微生物产生及消耗研究

本研究通过测定一氧化碳(CO)原位浓度和地球化学参数并结合实验室培养实验,系统地探究了胶州湾沉积物中CO的产生及消耗过程。本文首次测定胶州湾沉积物孔隙水中CO的浓度在46.8～189.9 nmol·L^-1,培养实验结果表明三甲胺及甜菜碱的添加明显促进了CO的生物产生,2-溴乙烷磺酸钠(Sodium 2-Bromoethanesulfonate, BES)及钼酸钠等抑制剂的添加对CO消耗没有明显影响,表明产甲烷过程和硫酸盐还原过程不是消耗CO的主要微生物过程。硝酸盐浓度的增加对CO消耗有明显的抑制作用。研究结果可以为深化海洋沉积物中CO生物地球化学循环及微生物介导的碳循环过程认知提供基础支撑。     

上海市崇明岛农田土壤重金属的环境质量评价(英文)

The environmental quality of heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg) in agricultural surface soil of Chongming Island was assessed by national,local and professional standards based on a large scale investigation,in which 28 samples from vegetable plots,65 samples from paddy fields and 9 samples from watermelon fields were collected from whole island area. Results showed that the average concentration of Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg was 21.6 mg·kg-1,0.176 mg·kg-1,69.4 mg·kg-1,9.209 mg·kg-1 and 0.128 mg·kg-1,respectively. Compared with the background value of Shanghai City soil,except for Pb and Cr,all the other heavy metals average concentrations in Chongming Island agricultural surface soil exceeded their corresponding natural-background values. The concentrations of Cd,As and Hg were 33.0%,1.2% and 26.3% higher than the background value of Shanghai City,respectively. In addition,inverse distance interpolation (IDW) tool of GIS was also applied to study the spatial variation of heavy metals. The results indicated that most of agricultural soil quality was good,and the ratio of ecological,good soil,certified soil and disqualified soil were 1.26%,97.1%,1.47% and 0.12%,respectively. About 10.1%,85.7%,27.0%,55.4% and 55.2% soil samples exceeded the Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg background value of Shanghai City,respectively. Among these three land use type soils,vegetable soil was most seriously polluted by heavy metals,which is probably related to the over-application of pesticides. The annual deposition fluxes of Pb,Cd,As and Hg were 7736 μg.m-2.a-1,208 μg.m-2.a-1,2238 μg.m-2.a-1 and 52.8 μg.m-2.a-1,respectively. Crop straw burning was the important source of heavy metals of atmospheric deposition,and atmospheric deposition contributed a lot to heavy metals in agricultural soil in Chongming Island.     

花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的影响因素试验

为探讨花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的效果和机理, 采用静态吸附实验, 研究溶液砷初始浓度、反应时间、温度、pH值等因素对红壤吸附水中砷的影响.当溶液砷初始浓度小于5.0 mg/L时, 红壤对砷的去除率均大于97%;随着砷初始浓度增大, 去除率逐渐降低; 反应初期(0~120 min), 红壤对砷的去除率迅速增大至95.0%左右.此后, 去除率缓慢增大, 直到720 min后, 去除率达到97.0%左右, 并趋于稳定; 在砷初始浓度一定时, 红壤对砷的吸附量随着温度的升高逐渐增加, 但增加幅度较小; 红壤对砷的去除率随着体系pH值的增大呈减小趋势; 正交试验表明, 在砷初始浓度为5.0 mg·L-1、反应时间为120 min、pH为5.0及反应温度为40℃的组合下, 红壤对砷的去除率最大.      

琯溪蜜柚叶片氮浓度高光谱遥感监测初探

以福建省平和县琯溪蜜柚为研究对象，利用星载Hyperion高光谱遥感数据对蜜柚叶片进行氮浓度估测。在分析Hyperion数据特征的基础上进行大气校正、几何纠正等预处理，从而得到图像反射率；结合地面光谱测量和蜜柚叶片采样分析，通过逐步回归分析法研究叶片氮浓度与高光谱图像反射率及其衍生量的关系，最终建立其遥感定量监测模型。结果表明，图像反射率的对数变换更有利于氮浓度的定量反演，入选的波段是983 nm、1 245 nm、1 316 nm和1 457 nm，其中1 245 nm波段对氮浓度影响最大，1 457 nm波段最小。利用该模型对氮浓度进行估算的值域与地面调查结果一致，说明利用高光谱进行氮浓度定量反演具有一定的可行性。     

Effect of Fe3+ on the growth and lipid content of Isochrysis galbana

Inducing lipid accumulation in microalgae cells without suppressing cell growth is vital to the economical production of biodiesel from microalgae. In two experiments, we demonstrate that the cell concentration and lipid content of marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana depend upon the iron concentration in the growth media. In Experiment I, adding chelated FeCl 3 to the medium at the late exponential growth phase prolonged this phase and increased the lipid content in I. galbana cells. The fi nal cell density and lipid content of I. galbana supplemented with chelated FeCl 3 was approximately 2 and 1.65 times higher than that of non-supplemented cultures, respectively. In Experiment II, I. galbana cells in the late exponential phase were collected and re-inoculated into new media containing Fe 3+ at various concentrations. The fi nal cell concentration and lipid content were maximized at the highest iron concentration(38% biomass by dry weight at 1.2×10-5 mol/L Fe 3+). In this study, intracellular neutral lipid storage was evaluated by fl uorescent spectrophotometry using fl uorochrome Nile red, and the measurement conditions were optimized.     

资源消耗大国的低碳谋略

随着全球人口和经济规模的不断增长,能源使用带来的环境问题及其诱因不断地为人们所认识,不止是烟雾、光化学烟雾和酸雨等的危害,大气中二氧化碳浓度升高带来的全球气候变化也已被确认为不争的事实。在这个大背景下,"低碳经济"作为一种新的经济发展形态被提了出来,并被专家认为是一场涉及生产方式、生活方式和价值观念的全球性革命。在近30年的高速发展之后,中国一跃成为世界上最大的资源消耗国和污染排放国之一。秉承对中国人民和全人类负责的态度,温家宝在哥本哈根气候大会上发言时表示,中国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键阶段,能源结构以煤为主,降低排放存在特殊困难,但仍始终把应对气候变化作为重要战略任务。十七大之后,与武汉城市圈一起,长株潭城市群被国家确定为"两型社会"试验区,并被赋予先行先试的政策创新权。所谓两型社会,是指"资源节约型"和"环境友好型"。作为以低能耗、低排放、低污染为基础的绿色经济,低碳经济被认为是工业革命、信息革命之后又一次改变世界经济的革命浪潮。这一经济模式,正与"两型社会"的理念不谋而合。低碳时代到来,湖南如何接招?可持续发展专家牛文元给了我们他的答案。     

4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)的急性毒性影响,实验结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50分别为83 .18μg/L、4 .27mg/L、7. 60mg/L、23 44mg/L,将4种离子按照质量比120∶20∶6∶1的比例配成混合金属溶液,其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50为0 42mg/L。