中国严寒和寒冷地区城镇住宅采暖耗能影响因素分析——以吉林省为例

以吉林省为例,在假设历年采暖建筑物标准室温为18℃和不同建筑物热工特性相同的前提下,认为在一定建筑设计标准下,直接影响严寒和寒冷地区城镇住宅采暖耗能的因子主要有采暖强度、城镇人口数、人均住宅建筑面积.以1978年城镇人口数、城镇人均住宅建筑面积为经济资料的基准值,以1971～2000年采暖强度的30 a平均值作为气候条件的基准值,得到采暖耗能基准值,进而计算1979年开始的逐年采暖耗能变化值,得出无论气候变暖或变冷,由于城镇人口、人均住宅建筑面积不断增加,使各地采暖耗能增加.气候是目前为止唯一可以起到降低能耗作用的因子.     

现代草地沙漠化中自然因素贡献率的确定方法

基于草地沙漠化发展过程中流沙面积变化模型和植被盖度变化模型,结合沙漠化监测资料,提出了一种定量确定自然因素在沙漠化中贡献率的方法,从而也可以间接地推算人为因素在沙漠化中的贡献率。以内蒙古奈曼旗现代草地沙漠化为例对模型进行了应用,效果良好,并发现人类活动停止后,如果随后不出现持续的干旱年份,沙漠化所造成的流沙一般经过4~5 a的时间就会自然消失,说明在计算时段内草地沙漠化中自然因素的贡献率为零。     

试论印度尼西亚华人对该国经济国际化的贡献

文章简要剖析了印度尼西亚（以下简称印尼）华人经济发展的因素及其过程;指出后民族化时期产生的华人企业集团为印尼实现工业化作出了积极的贡献;阐明华人广泛的对外社会联系,世界性华商组织的成立,以及世界华商电脑网络的开通,使印尼华人为推动该国经济走向世界起着不可缺少的纽带作用。在发展外向型经济、跨国经营尤其是投资国际化中,华人大企业集团发挥了突出的作用。论文强调华人经济是印尼民族经济不可替代的组成部分;印     

Study of Water Motion at the Dissolved Oxygen Minimum Layer and Local Oxygen Consumption Rate from the Lagrangian Viewpoint

By using the Euler-Lagrangian method, we examine water movements within the layer of minimum oxygen concentration and estimate local oxygen consumption rates for 15 regions of the global ocean. To do this, a number of labeled particles (which represent water parcels) are deployed at the center of a grid with 15 depth levels and tracked backward in time for 50 years in a three-dimensional velocity field. We assume that a particle picks up oxygen when it encounters the point of maximum oxygen concentration along the 50 years segment of its path. We introduce a contribution rate from waters distributed throughout the global ocean to the oxygen concentration of a local layer under consideration. Water parcels which are assumed to pick up oxygen within the oxygen minimum layer of an oceanic region under consideration make a very small contribution to the overall oxygen concentration of this layer. In addition, these parcels move out of the layer and water parcels from the upper layers take their place. The averaged Lagrangian local oxygen consumption rate is 0.033 ml/l/yr for the depth of the oxygen minimum layer, 0.20 ml/l/yr at 100 m depth (euphotic layer), 0.043 ml/l/yr for layers from 150 m to 800 m depth and 0.012 ml/l/yr for deep layers from 800 m to 3000 m. The present Lagrangian numerical experiment produces a maximum difference between observed and calculated concentrations of oxygen and, therefore, a maximum oxygen consumption rate. Although the present method has an ambiguity as to how oxygen is picked up, we nevertheless were able to identify regions in which the water parcels pick up oxygen of maximum concentration. We found that the South Equatorial Current (SEC) transports oxygen of higher concentration to the middle latitude regions of both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific across the equator.     

自然地理格局对区域发展时空分异影响的评价方法

With the rapid economic development during the last 30 years in China, more and more disparities have emerged among different regions. It has been one of the hot topics in the fields of physical geography and economic geography, and also has been the task for Chinese government to handle. Nevertheless, to quantitatively assess the impacts of physio-geographical patterns （PGP） on the regional development disparity has been ignored for a long time. In this paper, a quantitative method was adopted to assess the marginal effects of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity using the partial determination coefficients. The paper described the construction of the evaluation model step by step following its key scientific thinking. Total GDP, per capita GDP, primary industrial output value and secondary industrial output value were employed in this study as the indicators to reflect the impacts of PGP on the regional development disparity. Based on the evaluation methods built by researchers, this study firstly analyzed the temporal impacts of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development in China during the past 50 years, and then explained the spatial differences at each development stage. The results show that the spatio-temporal disparity in China is highly related to the PGP, and that the marginal contribution rate could be employed as an effective way to quantitatively assess the impact of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development.     

基于博士生培养视角看中国人文地理学的未来——以中山大学为例

以中山大学人文地理学博士点为例,通过对博士生培养过程中存在的学术贡献有限、研究空洞、缺乏一手数据、重复型明显等相关问题的分析,从学术贡献的角度探讨了中国人文地理学的未来发展。     

The Interannual Variation of Transboundary Contributions from Chinese Emissions of PM_(2.5) to South Korea

In recent years,several studies pointed out that anthropogenic emission sources in China which significantly contribute to the PM_2.5mass burden was an important cause of particulate pollution in South Korea.However,most studies generally focused upon a single pollution event.It is rare to see comprehensive research that captures those features prone to interannual variations concerning the transboundary pollutant contribution in South Korea using a unified method.In this paper,we establish the emission inventories covering East Asia in 2010,2015,and 2017,and then conduct the source apportionment by applying a coupled regional air quality model called the Integrated Source Apportionment Module(ISAM).Comparison of simulated and observed PM_2.5mass concentration at 165 CNEMC(China National Environmental Monitoring Center)sites suggests that the PM_2.5concentrations are well represented by the modeling system.The model is used to quantitatively investigate the contribution from emission sources in China to PM_2.5concentrations over South Korea and those features found to be prone to interannual variations are then discussed.The results show that the average annual contribution of PM_2.5has dropped significantly from 28.0%in 2010 to 15.7%in 2017,which strongly suggests that China has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of atmospheric particulates.     

Attribution of trends in meteorological drought during 1960–2016 over the Loess Plateau,China

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.     

藏南沉错钻孔沉积物金属元素分布特征及其与粒度的关系

从沉积物磷的化学形态特征、沉积物-水界面的环境条件和水库的水文参数等角度探讨了山仔水库沉积物磷对上覆水体的磷浓度贡献,并从沉积物间隙水与水体垂向溶解性磷的浓度梯度估算对水体磷浓度的贡献大小．结果表明：山仔水库沉积物具有大的释放磷的潜力,沉积物间隙水和水体之间存在着明显的溶解性磷的浓度梯度,沉积物的溶解性磷释放通量在0．0420—0．167μg／（cm^2·d））之间,沉积物磷对水体营养贡献大小在0．7％-6％之间,其中秋冬季节沉积物磷对水体的贡献大于春夏季节,当外源减少时,沉积物磷负荷在一定时间内将成为水库营养状态的重要贡献因子。     

三门峡苹果气象灾害气象服务效益评估一

选择三门峡苹果种植有代表性的低海拔的塬区、海拔较高的浅山区和海拔最高的高山区,以德尔菲法作为评估方法,通过问卷调查及专家评估的形式,依据气象服务效益贡献率评估模型,对苹果主要气象灾害的气象服务效益进行分析和评估.结果表明：苹果主要气象灾害的气象服务效益贡献率总体为6.5％,冰雹气象灾害的气象服务效益贡献率最高,其次是低温冻害气象服务效益贡献率,高温和连阴雨气象服务效益贡献率处于中间,干旱的气象服务效益贡献率最低.