Geochemical and stable isotopic evolution of the Guarani Aquifer System in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The purpose of this report is to explain geochemical and stable isotopes trends in the Brazilian unit of the Guarani Aquifer System (Botucatu and Piramboia aquifers) in S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Trends of dissolved species concentrations and geochemical modeling indicated a significant role of cation exchange and dissolution of carbonates in downgradient evolution of groundwater chemistry. Loss of calcium by the exchange for sodium drives dissolution of carbonates and results in Na–HCO₃ type of groundwater. The cation-exchange front moves downgradient at probably much slower rate compared to the velocity of groundwater flow and at present is located near to the cities of Sert?ozinho and águas de Santa Barbara (wells PZ-34 and PZ-148, respectively) in a shallow confined area, 50–70 km from the recharge zone. Part of the sodium probably enters the Guarani Aquifer System. together with chloride and sulfate from the underlying Piramboia Formation by diffusion related to the dissolution of evaporates like halite and gypsum. High concentrations of fluorine (up to 13.3 mg/L) can be explained by dissolution of mineral fluoride also driven by cation exchange. However, it is unclear if the dissolution takes place directly in the Guarani Aquifer System or in the overlying basaltic Serra Geral Formation. There is depletion in δ ²H and δ ¹⁸O values in groundwater downgradient. Values of δ ¹³C(DIC) are enriched downgradient, indicating dissolution of calcite under closed system conditions. Values of δ ¹³C(DIC) in deep geothermal wells are very high (>–6.0‰) and probably indicate isotopic exchange with carbonates with δ ¹³C about –3.0‰. Future work should be based on evaluation of vertical fluxes and potential for penetration of contamination to the Guarani Aquifer System. Electronic Publication     

滕州西部平原第四系地下水资源管理系统

降雨量作为水资源评价和管理的一个重要参数，长期以来，均采用多年平均值，但由于大气降雨的灾变性，这种平均值即不能客观地反映未来降雨量，更不能代表某一指定年份的降雨量，它实际上是一种建立在算术概率基础上的以数字表示的定性方法。为解决这一问题，本文利用灰色系统理论的灾变预测方法对山东省滕州市西部平原地区不同年份的降雨量进行预测，并通过预测建立该区地下水资源管理模型，主要由三部分组成：即①降雨预测系统；②水资源供需平衡系统；③水资源管理系统。     

Web存储系统中窗体注册表的应用研究

介绍了Web存储系统（WSS）中窗体注册表的基本概念，分析了注册表的工作流程和主要参数，举例说明了注册表的操作和应用。     

基于MapX的厦门市PHS基站信息系统的设计与开发

针对电信部门对PHS基站管理的需求，通过对Mapinfo公司的MapX结构的分析，利用组件技术建立了一个Client/Server模式的GIS和MIS技术相结合的综合性管理信息系统。     

Web GIS组件方法研究

在分析WebGIS二次开发需求的基础上，提出了基于JavaBean的WebGIS组件概念，并详细阐述其特征、体系结构和空间数据组织，结合实例Internet GIS-GeoSurfV4.0介绍了系统的设计与实现以及二次开发的方法与比较。     

Influence of earthquake frequency content on soil dynamic properties at CAO site

The installation of vertical downhole arrays in the field that record the soil behavior during earthquakes, has opened the opportunity of exploring another alternate method for assessing the soil dynamic properties by solving the inverse problem. This article proposes a methodology for solving this problem using spectral analysis of downhole arrays records. The one-dimensional shear wave propagation model was used, considering a homogeneous-viscoelastic medium. This methodology was applied at the site known as Central de Abasto Oficinas (CAO), which is located in the lake zone of the Mexico City. The results indicate that even relatively low frequencies have a noticeable effect on dynamic soil properties. Shear modulus increases and damping ratio lessens when the frequency rises.     

砂岩油藏孔隙压力的测井解释方法

以大庆油田砂岩渗透性油藏为例，从砂岩油藏自然电位测井原理出发，依据过滤电位形成机理建立了通用的压力解释数学模型，应用测井数据对油层进行孔隙压力解释。编制自动扫描软件，在测井现场打印孔隙压力剖面，也可以进行室内解释。该方法具有计算精度高、生成速度快、可操作性强等特点，为钻井工艺设计提供了必要的压力资料，在油田开发调整方面也具有一定的实际意义。     

空间数据库建设工作方法探讨

本文通过1／20万数字水文地质图空间数据库建设工作，对空间数据库建设工作方法进行了探讨，主要包括两种途径：（1）合理的工作程序；（2）利用空间数据库建设辅助软件。在全国空间数据库建设工作中，实行统一的工作方法、工作程序和建库辅助软件，可实现高效率、高质量的效果。     

基于XML和CORBA的网络虚拟GIS设计

虚拟GIS是随着计算机图形技术和人机接口技术的发展，在传统多维GIS系统基础上发展起来的新型GIS系统。虚拟GIS在扩展GIS应用领域的同时，也给GIS设计带来了新的问题。根据当前计算机技术的新发展，特别是在网络信息表达技术和网络平台技术的最新发展，来设计面向Web的网络虚拟GIS。结合XML技术来解决网络虚拟GIS中多种信息在网络空间中的表达和传输，结合CORBA技术来设计网络虚拟GIS的网络结构。通过与这些新技术的结合，为开发有着丰富功能，完全开放的网络虚拟GIS建立了新的途径。     

中国地理信息系统技术的发展

中国是一个发展中的大国，地理信息系统在中国应用非常广泛。中国的地理信息系统技术发展过程中，采取了两条腿走路的策略，一是引进国外地理信息系统软件和技术；二是支持和扶植国产地理信息系统软件的研究开发，推广国产地理信息系统软件的应用。本文详细回顾了中国地理信息系统技术的发展历程，综合介绍国产地理信息系统软件的研究开发状况和应用情况，重点介绍了国产地理信息系统软件－GeoStar的技术特点和市场潜力。