Spring-dashpot-mass models for foundation vibrations

The foundation on deformable soil, which, in general, radiates energy, can be represented in structural dynamics as a simple spring-dashpot-mass model with frequency-independent coefficients. For the two limiting cases of a site, the homogeneous half-space and the homogeneous layer fixed at its base, the coefficients are specified in tables for varying parameters such as ratios of dimensions and Poisson's ratio. Rigid foundations on the surface and with embedment are considered for all translational and rotational motions. In a practical analysis of soil–structure interaction this dynamic model of the foundation is coupled directly to that of the structure, whereby a standard dynamics program is used. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An integrated macroelement formulation for the dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies

This paper presents a macroelement formulation for the prediction of the planar dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies. The formulation is based on a previous macroelement developed by the authors able to describe the cyclic response of inelastic rocking bodies, which takes into account the deformability both along the height of the member, as well as near the rocking end. Modifications of this formulation to account for other motion modes of rocking members during their dynamic response, namely, sliding and upthrow, as well as modifications to account for damping in a uniform manner during the whole motion, including impacts, are introduced. The dynamic response predicted by the macroelement for free-standing rigid and deformable rocking bodies is presented and compared with existing theoretical solutions, and the effect of deformability, damping, inelasticity, and friction on the response is discussed.     

Higher-mode force response in multi-story strongback-braced frames

Strongback-braced frames employ an essentially elastic steel truss, or strongback, that distributes demands more uniformly to delay or prevent story mechanisms. Because inertial forces are no longer limited by the formation of a story mechanism, strongback-braced frames can exhibit large elastic force demands, particularly in the higher modes. This paper characterizes the higher-mode force response of strongback-braced frames. Four-story archetypes were designed using nonlinear dynamic analyses to incorporate higher-mode force demands into the design process. The response of the archetypes was compared with that of reference buckling-restrained braced frames that were allowed to form story mechanisms. The force demands in the strongback were then described using equivalent-static forces to represent the inertial forces induced by the higher modes. Force demands in the strongback arise from a yielding first-mode ‘pivoting’ and elastic higher-mode ‘bending’ response. These higher-mode force demands are elastic, ill-constrained by the strength of the yield mechanism, and depend significantly on the choice of ground motion record used for the analysis. In remaining elastic in the higher modes, the strongback distributes demands more uniformly and mitigates the formation of story mechanisms. Consequently, design and analysis methods for strongback-braced frames need to include estimates for these near-elastic higher-mode force demands.     

顾及基准站坐标动态特性与稳定性的区域框架构建

基准站受构造运动与非线性因素的影响,如何构建高精度、现势性强的精细区域框架是位置服务与形变分析的的关键.笔者提出顾及基准站坐标动态特性与稳定性的区域框架构建方法.以我国西部与东部某城市的多年连续运行基准站数据为例进行试算比对,试验结果表明:该方法是可行的,较好地顾及了基准站的坐标特性与非线性影响,考虑了基准站的垂直运动规律,可构建高精度的区域基准,可发现区域基准的微动态变化.     

地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟研究

隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响产生开裂变形,给交通、安全与经济带来极大影响,为提升隧道安全稳定性能,以某市隧道为对象,研究地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟。综合考虑地震动作用与地震波扩散特性,利用FLAC软件构建三维动力模型;通过边界设置解决地震波反射问题,基于物理力学参数与地震荷载条件,通过相对变形法研究地震条件下深埋隧道围岩变形特性、能量聚集特性与安全性能。研究结果显示:深埋隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响,形成挤让、椭圆化的变形走向;变形达到最高值时,应变能量密度高于2350 J/m^3的区域集中在隧道Ⅰ洞左侧围岩边墙和中夹岩柱上;各监测点安全系数呈非对称性,隧道右侧下角区域安全系数低于国家相关标准,计算结果与实际测量结果一致。     

Nonlinear dynamic tests of a reinforced concrete frame building at different damage levels

This paper discusses the dynamic tests of a two-story infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame building using an eccentric-mass shaker. The building, located in El Centro, CA, was substantially damaged prior to the tests due to the seismic activity in the area. During the testing sequence, five infill walls were removed to introduce additional damage states and to investigate the changes in the dynamic properties and the nonlinear response of the building to the induced excitations. The accelerations and displacements of the structure under the forced and ambient vibrations were recorded through an array of sensors, while lidar scans were obtained to document the damage. The test data provide insight into the nonlinear response of an actual building and the change of its resonant frequencies and operational shapes due to varying damage levels and changes of the excitation amplitude, frequency, and orientation.     

Seismic reliability assessment and the nonergodicity in the modelling parameter uncertainties

Modelling uncertainty can significantly affect the structural seismic reliability assessment. However, the limit state excursion due to this type of uncertainty may not be described by a Poisson process as it lacks renewal properties with the occurrence of each earthquake event. Furthermore, considering uncertainties related to ground motion representation by employing recorded ground motions together with modelling uncertainties is not a trivial task. Robust fragility assessment, proposed previously by the authors, employs the structural response to recorded ground motion as data in order to update prescribed seismic fragility models. Robust fragility can be extremely efficient for considering also the structural modelling uncertainties by creating a dataset of one-to-one assignments of structural model realizations and as-recorded ground motions. This can reduce the computational effort by more than 1 order of magnitude. However, it should be kept in mind that the fragility concept itself is based on the underlying assumption of Poisson-type renewal. Using the concept of updated robust reliability, considering both the uncertainty in ground motion representation based on as-recorded ground motion and non ergodic modelling uncertainties, the error introduced through structural reliability assessment by using the robust fragility is quantified. It is shown through specific application to an existing RC frame that this error is quite small when the product of the time interval and the standard deviation of failure rate is small and is on the conservative side.     

横观各向同性场地中埋置衬砌隧道对qP波的散射

采用间接边界元法(IBEM)结合"分区契合"技术,研究qP波入射下横观各向同性(TI)场地中衬砌隧道的动力响应问题。方法充分利用半空间和全空间动力格林函数在分别构造含孔半无限空间域和闭合域内散射波场方面的优势,将含有衬砌隧道的层状弹性半空间分解为含孔半无限空间域和一个环形衬砌闭合域来分别进行波场构造,有效地降低了求解时间和存储量。文中验证方法的正确性,并以均匀TI半空间和基岩上单一TI土层为例,计算分析弹性半空间场地中隧道衬砌内表面动应力放大问题。结果表明qP波入射下,TI介质与各向同性介质场地中埋置衬砌隧道的动力响应差异显著,TI介质参数的变化导致场地动力特性的改变,进而改变场地与衬砌隧道的动力相互作用机制,显著影响着衬砌内表面动应力的大小及其空间分布。     

连续弯箱梁自行车桥地震响应分析

为研究厦门市弯箱梁自行车桥的地震响应规律,采用SAP2000有限元软件建立自行车高架桥三维壳体模型,在考虑多遇地震和罕遇地震水准作用及不同加载方向的基础上,分别采用反应谱分析法和时程分析法进行该桥的动力响应分析。结果表明：自行车桥z方向位移分量最大,且z方向分量极值均发生在曲线分叉段;相对剪力而言,桥墩竖向支反力相对较小;E1和E2地震水准响应情况随时间的变化趋势基本一致,桥梁结构未进入塑形状态,抗震性能良好,安全性指标较高;反应谱法计算得到的响应包络值相对3条不同的地震时程结果的峰值大,在实际桥梁抗震分析过程中需要综合考虑两者的分析结果。文章研究结果对今后自行车桥设计和抗震性能分析具有指导意义,并可为研究者对该类桥的进一步研究提供借鉴。     

地震信息网络数据的动态存储方法研究

为了提高地震信息网络数据存储的效率和稳定性,本文提出一种地震信息网络数据的动态储存方法。首先,设计和分析地震信息网络数据的动态存储系统中的硬件部分,基于Hadoop的分布式集群大数据动态存储系统,整合多台存储服务器,为一个集群系统,并平衡存储服务器负载情况,获取性能指标的比例值,通过加权公式获取综合性能参数,根据综合负载指标和服务器综合指标参数获取最佳存储服务器。对本文系统、高速数据存储系统和网络编码云存储系统进行大数据动态存储对比实验。实验结果表明:地震信息网络数据的动态存储耗时最短,存储效率最快;具有较高存储稳定性,且不会出现过载问题。