云南个旧—文山区地球化学异常

个旧—文山区可分为五个地球化学区,以此为基础分析各区成矿地质条件及水系沉积物元素含量特征,找出元素异常分布信息,进行科学有效评价。     

示波极谱法测量电锌液中微量镍

提出在丁二酮肟-亚硝酸钠-氨水-氯化铵体系中,准确测定电锌液中微量镍的新方法:克服原子吸收光谱法测定微量镍回收率偏低问题。     

对目前我国高校非开挖技术教育的思考

非开挖技术是一项新兴技术,自非开挖技术引入我国以来,发展迅速。但我国高校的非开挖技术教育发展却显得相对缓慢。通过对我国高校非开挖技术教育现状的分析,初步探讨了我国高校非开挖技术教育水平提升的有关问题。     

Tertiary Mafic Lavas of Turkana, Kenya: Constraints on East African Plume Structure and the Occurrence of High-{micro} Volcanism in Africa

The East African Rift System is important to understanding plume-initiatedrifting as manifest in the geochemistry of mafic lavas eruptedalong the rift throughout its evolution. We present new datafrom high-MgO Tertiary lavas from Turkana, northern Kenya, toinvestigate regional melt source components, to identify thedepths and degrees of melting, and to characterize spatiallyand temporally the chemical structure of the underlying mantle.The Turkana area is a region of high lithospheric extensionthat sits between two topographic uplifts thought to be surfaceexpressions of one or more upwelling mantle plumes. Thinningof local crust is believed to be accompanied by widespread removalof the mantle lithosphere, causing the asthenosphere to be inclose contact with the overlying crust. New geochemical dataon basanites, picrites and basalts (MgO >7 wt %) tightlyconstrain the primary melt source regions of Tertiary volcanism.Initial isotopic signatures (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0·51267–0·51283,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0·7031–0·7036) and trace elementabundances (Ce/Pb 30, La/Nb = 0·6–0·8 andBa/Nb = 3–10) in these lavas are consistent with derivationfrom sub-lithospheric sources. Basalts and picrites eruptedbetween 23 and 20 Ma have Sr–Nd–Pb–He isotopiccharacteristics indicative of high-µ influence, recordhigh depths and degrees of partial melting, and are associatedwith rift propagation to the north and south. Accordingly, theselavas sample a source region that is geochemically distinctfrom that reflected both in Oligocene Ethiopian flood basaltsand in the modern Afar region. The geochemical data supportnumerical and theoretical models as well as tomographic resultsproviding for a complex thermal structure in the mantle beneathEast Africa and are interpreted to reflect isotopically distinctplume heads beneath Tanzania and Afar that are derived fromthe chemically heterogeneous South African superplume. KEY WORDS: East African Rift System; mantle plumes; HIMU; geochemistry; Afar     

扬子地区江口冰期地层的划分对比与南华系层型剖面

我国南方扬子板块是国际上新元古代冰期地层最具代表性的地区之一,冰期记录出露广泛,研究程度较高,为国内外学者所关注。当前,国际上普遍认为新元古代主要有两次全球性大冰期,一般以澳大利亚的Sturtian和Marinoan冰期为代表,扬子地区的南沱冰期和江口冰期与之相对应。但是,围绕扬子地区冰期地层的划分对比一直存在较大争议。关于上冰期的对比,虽然曾出现过不同的意见,但随着南沱组年龄数据的获得看法已趋于一致。目前主要分歧来自对下冰期和间冰期的认识。我国目前通常使用的名称,如“长安冰期”、“富禄间冰期”和“古城冰期”等与国际上的认识有差异,对新建的“南华系”地层划分和对比产生了不同的理解。根据扬子地区地质工作的多年积累和研究的成果,以“江口群”取代原“江口组”,使之成为扬子地区代表下冰期沉积的统一地层单元,江口群涵盖了下冰期的长安组、富禄组及与之相关的地层单元;扬子地区的下冰期相应地称为“江口冰期”,与国际上的Sturtian冰期可以很好地对应,含义更完整。我国南方对应于Sturtian和Marinoan冰期的是江口冰期和南沱冰期。湘黔桂地区的新元古代冰期地层保存最完整连续,其中贵州黎平县的肇兴剖面可考虑作为新元古代冰期地层的候选层型剖面。     

基于SuperMap的松花江流域地理信息系统

松花江流域地理信息系统利用地理信息系统技术,以组件式GIS-SuperMap为基础,对松花江全流域空间信息进行管理,不仅实现了松花江全流域的污染模拟分析功能,还融合遥感影像、数字高程模型,实现了松花江全流域三维动态模拟功能.松花江流域地理信息系统的开发,对于实现水资源的可持续开发利用和流域的可持续发展具有重要意义.     

国际全球变化计划与世界数据中心的联合行动：1997年联合数据会议及其启示

对国际全球变化研究计划的数据信息系统和世界数据中心联合召开的会议，以及会议做出的双方进行有效数据合作的若干决定和今后共同中的行动计划做了详细介绍。并根据国际发展趋势对我国有关数据工作的对策进行探讨并提出了建议。     

全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立

国际地层委员会最近陆续发布了2005和2006年版《国际地层表》(http://www.stratigraphy.org/cheu.pdf),这两张新表较以往各版最为突出的变动是将寒武系分为四个统和十个阶,不再采用国际地学界沿用了近一百七十年的上、中、下3统的传统划分方法。这一改写是全球地层学的重大事件     

Hazard Zoning for Landslides Connected to Torrential Floods in the Jerte Valley (Spain) by using GIS Techniques

The Jerte Valley is anortheast-southwest tending graben located in the mountainous region of west central Spain (Spanish Central System). Mass movements have been a predominant shaping process on the Valley slopes during the Quaternary. Present day activity is characterized as either `first-time failure' (shallow debris slides and debris flows) or `reactivations' of pre-existing landslides deposits.A delineation of landslide hazard zoningwithin the Valley has been carried out by using the detailed documentation of a particular event (a debris slide and a sequel torrential flood, which occurred on the Jubaguerra stream gorge), and GIS techniques. The procedure has had four stages, which are: (1) the elaboration of a susceptibility map (spatial prediction) of landslides; (2) the elaboration of a map of `restricted susceptibility' in the particular case of slopes that are connected to streams and torrents (gorges); (3) the elaboration of a digital model which relates the altitude to the occurrence probability of those particular precipitation conditions which characterized the Jubaguerra event and (4) the combination of the probability model with the `restricted susceptibility map', to establish `critical zones' or areas which are more prone to the occurrence of phenomena that have same typology as this one.     

鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构及早期沉积盖层演化

鄂尔多斯盆地基底主要形成于太古宙—古元古代,岩石组成极为复杂,大多经历了较强的区域变质作用,变质程度一般达到了(高)角闪岩相—麻粒岩相,属变质程度较深的区域变质岩系,主要是各种片岩、片麻岩及变粒岩、石英岩、大理石及花岗片麻岩等;基底结构具有较为明显的分区特征,可划分为北部、西北部及中南部三个大区,走向总体以北东向为主;从演化过程来看,鄂尔多斯盆地基底是华北克拉通形成过程中的太古宙微陆块之一,古元古代末可能是其与华北拼合为一体的关键时期。早期沉积盖层主要经历了长城纪陆内裂陷、蓟县纪边部沉降、青白口纪—南华纪整体隆升和震旦纪边缘拗陷4个演化阶段,沉积环境总体以海相为主,晚期局部具陆相特征,不同时期的沉积物特征有较大差异,可能主要受构造、气候环境的共同制约;早期沉积盖层整体上受基底结构和构造控制明显,越早期影响越大;盆地西南边缘一直是最活跃的构造沉降区,基底构造所处位置特殊可能是其最主要的原因。