Modelling inter-annual and spatial variability of ice cover in a temperate lake with complex morphology

The formation of ice cover on lakes alters heat and energy transfer with the water column. The fraction of surface area covered by ice and the timing of ice-on and ice-off therefore affects hydrodynamics and the seasonal development of stratification and related ecosystem processes. Multi-year model simulations of temperate lake ecosystems that freeze partially or completely therefore require simulation of the formation and duration of ice cover. Here we present a multi-year hydrodynamic simulation of an alpine lake with complex morphology (Lower Lake Constance, LLC) using the three-dimensional (3D) model Aquatic Ecosystem Model (AEM3D) over a period of 9 years. LLC is subdivided into three basins (Gnadensee, Zeller See and Rheinsee) which differ in depth, morphological features, hydrodynamic conditions and ice cover phenology and thickness. Model results were validated with field observations and additional information on ice cover derived from a citizen science approach using information from social media. The model reproduced the occurrence of thin ice as well as its inter-annual variability and differentiated the frequency and extent of ice cover between the three sub-basins. It captured that full ice cover occurs almost each winter in Gnadensee, but only rarely in Zeller See and Rheinsee. The results indicate that the 3D model AEM3D is suitable for simulating long-term dynamics of thin ice cover in lakes with complex morphology and inter-annual changes in spatially heterogeneous ice cover.     

The Calculation Method for the Volume of Landslides and Dammed Lake Sediments Triggered by a Strong Historical Earthquake in the Loess Plateau: A Case Study of Qiuzigou, Gansu Province, Northwest China

The quantitative calculation of the volume of large earthquake-triggered landslides and related dammed lake sediments is of great significance in the study of secondary disasters and focal parameters of strong historical earthquakes. In this study, the dammed lake induced by Qishan M7 earthquake (Lingtai County, Gansu Province, Northwest China) is selected as the research object. Based on the information collected from the 4 boreholes in the dammed lake area, we further take advantage of the low-level Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and the morphology recovery method,to calculate the volume of the dammed lake and landslides, respectively. Finally, major conclusions are obtained as follows:① the AMS-¹⁴C age at the bottom of the Qiuzigou Dammed Lake sediments is 2 890±30 BP, which coincides with the 780 BC Qishan earthquake; furthermore, the Qiuzigou Landslides seem to have been triggered by the earthquake, forming an enclosed dammed lake deposition environment after the upstream sediments accumulate;② the Qiuzigou landslides are opposite-sliding landslides that have blocked the river valley; in detail, landslide volumes at the right and left banks are 235×10⁴ m³ and 229×10⁴ m³, respectively. The length of the dammed lake is 2.6 km, with a thickness of approximately 43 m near the landslides, and the total sedimentary volume is 573×10⁴ m³; ③the erosion rate of Qiuzigou Landslide Dammed Lake is 0.44 mm/a, the accumulation rate is 15.05 mm/a, and the soil erosion modulus is 593 t/(km²/a), characterized as slight erosion. Quantitative research on the formation of landslides and dammed lakes from strong historical earthquakes is vital for increasing our understanding of the vibrational characteristics and surface action processes of these types of earthquakes.     

湖相细粒岩二级指标划分法岩相分类及其应用实例

采用细粒沉积岩宏观观察刻画与显微刻画的方法,探索基于湖相细粒沉积纹层类型及其结构特征作为关键指标的细粒岩岩相成因.提出了湖相细粒岩岩相的划分指标和原则,即以细粒沉积纹层作为细粒岩岩相划分的重要指标.用两级核心指标作为划分湖相细粒岩岩相及亚类的依据,分为一级指标和二级指标.一级指标为岩石组成类型,分为泥质岩类、灰岩类以及...     

遥感技术在湖泊环境研究中的应用

近10年来湖泊的研究内容不断拓展,研究方法不断完善,研究工作取得了丰硕的成果。遥感技术作为科学、快速的调查和监测手段,在湖泊环境研究领域中得到了广泛的应用。本文主要介绍国内外遥感技术在湖泊水质监测、湖泊水文参数测试、湖泊变迁调查、湖冰监测、湖泊利用调查、湖泊地质环境调查、湖区生态环境调查、古湖与考古调查等8个方面的主要研究进展。同时,综合评述了各种遥感数据源、各类遥感信息提取技术在湖泊环境研究领域的应用前景。      

陆相坳陷湖盆沉积对深时古气候的响应信号:以准噶尔盆地西北缘安集海河组为例

"深时"古气候研究范围为前第四纪地质记录,目的在于为未来气候预测提供依据.准噶尔盆地西北缘安集海河组沉积期,研究区处于早古近纪极热气候(PETM)时期,由于其温室气体排放与当前工业废气排放水平相当,对于全球变化以及地球系统科学研究具有重要意义,一直以来都是古近纪气候研究的热点.准噶尔盆地西北缘在早古近纪沉积期发育大范围...     

1990—2021年东太湖网围养殖规模变化下的水质变化特征及成因分析

2019年,东太湖30 km2养殖网围实现清零,结束了长达34年的太湖网围养殖历史。系统整理东太湖30年来(1990 2021年)水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度监测资料,对比分析14个监测点位水质在不同网围利用和整治时期的时空差异性及影响因素,判识网围拆除后水体营养盐变化趋势及存在问题对东太湖生态修复与保护具有重要意义。结果表明,东太湖30年来水体营养盐浓度年际变化随养殖结构(主养鱼到主养蟹)和养殖规模(过度利用到网围整治和拆除)的变化而变化,网围养蟹因其有效的水生植物管控和生态混养相对于主养鱼类水质较优,但水质均随着养殖强度的增大而变差,网围规模缩减对改善水质有正面效应。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度分别由1990年的0.53 mg/L、0.014 mg/L、3.58 mg/L和2.90μg/L上升到2021年的1.87 mg/L、0.128 mg/L、5.72 mg/L和28.09μg/L,TN是主要的污染因子。原网围区和湖心区因较高的水生植被覆盖度,TN、TP、磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物(SS)30年来变化不大,原网围区透...     

1973—2020年洞庭湖水温演变特征

表层水温是影响湖泊水生生态系统的关键因素,研究其对气候变化的响应过程及机制是评估湖泊生态环境可持续发展的重要切入点。本文针对水温的长期演变趋势问题,基于实测水文气象数据,采用Air2water数据驱动模型重构洞庭湖长序列水温资料,研究湖泊表层水温在气象条件驱动下的演变特征,为湖泊生态环境监测、水安全保障和综合治理等提供理论依据。主要结论有：（1）尽管Air2water数据驱动模型以常微分方程的简化形式概化湖泊热力学过程,但可较准确地反演水温的变化趋势。根据长序列实测气温资料重构的1973 2020年洞庭湖日均水温序列具有较高的可信度。（2）1973 2020年,洞庭湖水温年内变化具有显著的上升期和下降期,且降温过程较升温快。在气候变暖背景下,年均水温呈现持续的波动性上升趋势,且1996年发生突变后上升趋势更为显著,其中城陵矶站和南咀站年均水温的上升率分别达到0.20和0.16℃/10 a。1996年洞庭湖流域的突变式增温主要是由冷季的显著增暖过程驱动。（3）采用广义单位线法建立水温气温之间的耦合关系,水温随气温上升的速率先增大至极大值后逐渐减缓。1996年水温发生突变后,水温随气温的变...     

柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世下干柴沟组上段盐湖沉积特征

利用大量地质及地球化学资料,开展了柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世下干柴沟组上段盐湖沉积特征研究,重点识别岩石类型,恢复古沉积环境,建立沉积模式,探讨控制因素。研究认为：盐湖环境主要发育两大类、五小类沉积相组合,盐湖边缘沉积相包括滨岸斜坡带相组合、缓坡带相组合、陡坡带相组合,盆内沉积相包括水下隆起带相组合和盐湖深水区相组合;盐湖可划分早、中、晚3个沉积演化阶段,分别对应半咸水湖泊、咸水湖泊和盐湖;形成碳酸盐岩与钙质砂岩、富含石膏的碳酸盐岩与泥岩、厚层石盐与薄层碳酸盐岩等主要岩石组合;盐湖沉积主控因素为气候、古地貌与构造运动。     

从涨退水看鄱阳湖水位-湖面面积关系

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,鄱阳湖水位-面积关系对研究鄱阳湖生态环境的变化具有重要意义。目前研究所建立的鄱阳湖水位-面积关系各异,存在一定的不确定性,其原因在于忽略了涨退水对鄱阳湖水位与面积的影响。在考虑鄱阳湖涨水与退水过程的基础上,利用鄱阳湖2000~2014年实测水位数据与对应的遥感影像数据,分析了鄱阳湖同一水位出现多个水面面积情况下湖泊不同面积的空间分布及其成因,并对鄱阳湖水面面积与水位关系的不确定性进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖水面面积与水位关系存在不确定性,主要受鄱阳湖涨水与退水过程中鄱阳湖水面比降不同的影响;(2)在同一水位条件下,涨水过程中鄱阳湖水面面积往往大于退水过程的水面面积,同时水面面积的增减变化与涨水退水的幅度变化趋势呈一致性;(3)涨水与退水过程对鄱阳湖水位与面积的影响主要表现在中低水位,随着水位增长到高水位时,这种影响会越来越小。