中国巴林石

本文简要介绍了中国巴林石—内蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗雅玛吐叶腊石矿地质特征。对中国巴林石的分类、品种和特征作了详细的描述。     

三维激光测量技术在大型复杂钢结构工程建造中的应用

以山东第一高楼云鼎大厦建造过程为例,对三维激光扫描技术应用于大型复杂钢结构工程建造中的关键技术进行了研究。通过对大型复杂钢结构部件进行三维激光扫描,并与BIM预制模型比对,事先检测钢构件加工误差,提出了大型复杂钢结构部件误差检测关键技术流程,实现了高精度特征误差统计,为大型复杂钢结构工程智能建造提供了有效先进的检测、监测手段,具有较大的借鉴及实用价值。     

Crystallisation of sodium sulfate: supersaturation and metastable phases

Crystallisation of sodium sulfate solutions by evaporation under controlled climatic conditions has revealed the existence of crystalline hydrated sodium sulfate salts not previously reported. The sodium sulfate phase crystallising and the concentration of the solution at the point of crystallisation depends on the climatic conditions (temperature and evaporation rate). During the rehydration of the anhydrous sodium sulfate phase, thenardite, another previously unreported phase was formed prior to the nucleation of the stable phase, mirabilite Na₂SO₄ · 10H₂O. The addition of organic inhibitors changes both the crystallisation and the rehydration behavior in this system.     

北京房山大理岩的岩石学微观特征及风化机理讨论

北京地区许多石质古建筑都使用了房山大石窝的大理岩来建造的。本文以汉白玉(白色大理岩)和青白石(青色大理岩)为例,通过薄片镜下观察、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针等测试手段,对房山大理岩的岩石学微观特征进行了研究。研究对象为取自房山大石窝的新鲜岩样和取自北京古代石质建筑的风化剥落物。结果证实北京大理岩主要矿物成分是白云石,部分大理岩还含有一定量的石英。基于图像处理软件,对汉白玉和青白石矿物晶体的粒径进行了统计分析。在此基础上,从温度变化、酸雨的溶解、水的溶蚀、微裂隙的盐类充填的角度分析了大理岩的风化机理。相关研究可为北京大理岩石质文物的修复保护提供科学参考。     

软土地基连续强夯置换碎石墩的数值分析

根据土体损伤力学,考虑在冲击荷载作用下土体失效机制,建立了基于ABAQUS软件的连续强夯碎石墩形成过程的大变形非线性轴对称有限元方法。根据室内模型实验和数值模拟对比研究,考虑了每一次冲击荷载下土体失效区域大小对下一击碎石进入土体的影响,得到了每次强夯作用下碎石墩性状和土体变形过程,分析了主要影响因素如不同夯击能、垫层厚度以及锤径条件下夯击次数与碎石墩高度之间的关系。本文结果对强夯工程实践具有指导作用。     

Performance of quasilinear elastic constitutive models in simulation of geosynthetic encased columns

Past numerical simulations of geosynthetic encased columns (GECs) using different versions of the quasilinear elastic hyperbolic model for the encased granular material have, in certain cases, yielded unrealistic results. In this paper the cause of such results is investigated by performing three-dimensional finite element analyses of GECs in soft clay, utilizing three common functional forms of the hyperbolic model for the encased granular material. Results indicate that one form of the hyperbolic model can predict an unrealistic lateral response for GECs during application of load to the column. In addition, the inability of hyperbolic models to properly account for soil behavior near failure compromises their ability to realistically capture the behavior of encased granular soil in GECs. Modeling the behavior of soil near failure is essential for properly simulating the behavior of GECs, as soil shear failure is necessary to mobilize the tensile stresses in the encasement and improve the stress–displacement response of the GEC. Although this type of hyperbolic model behavior was demonstrated for the specific case of encased soil in a GEC, the limitations of the hyperbolic model described herein apply equally to other geotechnical problems in which some portion of the soil mass is at or near failure.     

X射线荧光光谱-X射线衍射研究宁夏贺兰石岩石矿物学特征

宁夏贺兰石是中国砚用名石之一,开发应用越来越广泛,对其进行系统的基础研究具有重要的现实意义。但目前仅有初步的人工实验,缺乏系统的矿物学研究。本文采用常规宝玉石学测试结合薄片鉴定、X射线荧光光谱、X射线粉晶衍射等矿物谱学分析测试方法,解析贺兰石的宝石学特征、化学成分、岩石结构及矿物组成特征。结果表明:贺兰石主要组成矿物为水云母~绢云母,次为褐铁矿(氧化铁质)、石英(砂质碎屑)、绿泥石和微量的赤铁矿、金红石、电气石等;主要化学成分为SiO_2、Al_2O_3、TFe_2O_3、K_2O、MgO、TiO_2、CaO、P_2O_5;折射率1.56~1.57,密度2.81~2.86g/cm~3,摩氏硬度3~4。初步探讨了贺兰石致色成因,基于Fe元素形态及含量与贺兰石颜色具相关关系,认为Fe元素是宁夏贺兰石致色的主要因素。本研究基本确定了贺兰石的大部分特征参数,为后续建立准确的命名及鉴定方法提供了技术支撑。     

Runoff generative process and runoff yield from arid talus mantled slopes

Previous works dealing with the influence of a stone cover on runoff yield showed that runoff, attributed to the sealing effect of the topsoil by raindrops impact, was negatively related to the per cent of stone cover and stone size. These works were conducted on gentle slopes (3–11·5 degree) with a per cent of stone cover generally lower than 50 per cent, and composed of gravels. The present study deals with the runoff yield of steep talus slopes (26–36 degree) whose per cent of stone cover is very high (90–100 per cent), composed of cobbles and boulders. Three stimulated rainstorms were performed at various rainfall. intensities and durations on each one of six plots representative of the North eastern sector of Sinai. Although the contiguous stony cover prevented surface sealing by raindrops impact, runoff developed quite quickly on most slopes, and reached at peak discharge, after approximately ten minutes, up to 56 per cent of the rainfall. Differences between plots, in time lag, peak discharge and other hydrological variables, could be attributed mainly to the properties of the upper stony layer, with stone size as the most influential factor. Contrary to previous works, a positive relationship, was obtained between stone size to runoff yield. The result is explained by the process of water concentration. Each cobble and boulder behaves, on a smaller scale, like a bare rocky surface and yields per unit area water amounts beyond the infiltration rate of the limited uncovered areas. For a given stony cover the effect of water concentration is quicker with the big blocks than with gravels. A series of graphs trying to relate theoretically the relative importance of sealing and water concentration processes in runoff generation, at various conditions of stone cover and stone size, is proposed. The graphs enable to reconcile the results of the present study with those of previous works.     

基于文化资源的沿海港口地区创意产业发展研究

如何将港口文化资源禀赋转化为创意产业,促进滨海港口地区复兴是后工业社会全球沿海港口地区发展研究的核心论题。本文探析了文化资源到创意产业的转化潜能、介质、路径、模式和运作机制,并在文化经济地理学视角下架构其实证研究范式,进而以中国舟山普陀区的木帆船、沙雕等创意产业为例,采用文化经济地理学方法调查了创意产品生产过程的项目网络特征。研究发现：港口文化资源转化为创意产业的适宜条件是由创意、资本、管理等要素结网构成创意场域,亦即在市场主导下将文化资源与现代创意、媒介、市场需求等网络式融合。最后提出促推浙江港口地区文化资源发展创意产业可持续发展的建设的建议。