安徽石台大山地区硒的地球化学研究

通过对安徽石台大山地区硒的分布、迁移、富集特征和地质背景进行地球化学调查,结果表明,岩石中硒质量分数平均2.72×10-6,深层土壤硒质量分数平均1.47×10-6,表层土壤硒质量分数平均1.24×10-6,并且不同母质类型的土壤硒含量不同;硒在土壤剖面上的分布存在空间差异,总体趋势是硒在表土层聚集;土壤中硒表现为离子交换态硒、强有机态硒和腐殖酸结合态硒等易溶态硒所占比例相对较少,可达2%~10%,而碳酸盐态、铁锰氧化态、残渣态等难溶态分别为90%~92%,所占比例较高。硒有效量一般在0.096×10-9,土壤呈酸性至强酸性,处于氧化环境;各类岩石中以含煤岩系中的石煤层含硒量最高,最高达到37.4×10-6,确定硒来源于寒武纪荷塘组含煤岩系。土壤中硒含量受土壤成土母质的控制,同时,表生地球化学作用、生物作用以及人类活动也深刻影响到它们在土壤中的重新分配。     

Relating aerial erosion,soil erosion and sub‐soil erosion to the evolution of Lunan Stone Forest,China

Stone forest (‘Shilin’ in Chinese) is a unique karst landform with a complex evolution process. Based mainly on the characteristics and interrelationships of sub‐soil, soil and sub‐aerial erosion in Lunan karst area, the authors develop a triplex erosion model to describe the evolution of stone forest, and apply it to examine the current development stage and the prospect of the Lunan Stone Forest. The study shows that sub‐soil corrosion, a basic driving force for the vertical scope of a stone forest, usually occurs within 10 m below ground surface but is observed to be most active within the top 2 m, which constitutes the best development zone for stone forest. Under modern climatic conditions, the tip of the stone pillars in Lunan karst area is lowering at a rate of 10·4 mm ka^?1, whereas the base of the stone pillars is deepening at 26·17 mm ka^?1. Therefore, the height of stone pillars is increasing at a rate of 15·77 mm ka^?1. Considering that soil erosion in the study area is as high as 650 mm ka^?1, the visible height of the stone forest is actually increasing at a rate of 639·6 mm ka^?1. However, the best evolution time for Lunan Stone Forest has already passed despite the fact that it is still growing taller at the present time. This is because the soil layer, which plays an extremely significant role in the heightening of stone pillars, is rapidly thinning at a rate of 623·83 mm ka^?1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A data processing method for MAPR hydrothermal plume turbidity data and its application in the Precious Stone Mountain hydrothermal field

Hydrothermal plume is an important constituent of seabed hydrothermal circulation and is also one of the characteristics of active hydrothermal vents. Portable Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorders （MAPR） attached to a towed deep-sea instrument was used to search for hydrothermal plumes and hydrothermal vents. We introduced the basic principle of MAPR based on deep towing technology to detect plumes, then analyzed the factors affecting the quality of the MAPR data and presented a data correction method for MAPR, including instrument location correction, noise reduction processing, system error elimination and seawater background reduction. Finally we applied the method to analyze MAPR data obtained during the Chinese DY115-21 cruise on R/VDayang Iin the “Precious Stone Mountain” hydrothermal field on the Gala-pagos Microplate. The results provided a better understanding of the distribution of the hydrothermal activ-ity in this field, indicating the presence of a new hydrothermal vent.     

四川长宁梅硐石林地质遗迹特征及成因

长宁梅硐石林位于扬子地台区西部边缘,由竹石林、石陇坡和天门寨三个景区组成,以奥陶系宝塔组龟裂纹灰岩岩溶石林与竹林共生为特色,具有独特的观赏价值和科学价值。根据研究区岩溶地貌的形态特征及微观成因,划分出10种主要的岩溶地貌类型,并从控制岩溶地貌形成的构造条件、成景地层、自然地理等方面对石林的成因和形成演化过程进行了简要的分析和总结。     

田黄鉴定问题的探讨

田黄素有"石帝"的美称。经过近千年的开采,资源已经枯竭。市场上出现了大量冒充的假田黄,所以鉴识真假田黄显得越来越重要。以往鉴识田黄主要凭肉眼鉴定,从田黄的形状、石皮、"红格"、"萝卜纹"、质地几个方面观察。由于现代科学仪器检测的介入,应用了红外光谱仪、偏光显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等,对田黄的鉴定特征提出了一些新的认识。红外光谱和X射线衍射等分析表明,田黄的矿物成分是以迪开石、珍珠石为主;田黄的皮与核的矿物成分基本一致。用传统的方法和现代仪器检测法相结合鉴定田黄,其结果才更准确。     

昌化明矾石地鸡血石的矿物学研究

运用电子探针、X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析手段对浙江昌化里梅总洞口新发现的明矾石地鸡血石进行了研究，认为其“地”的矿物成分主要是明矾石，仅有少量迪开石和高岭石。     

安徽含山县凌家滩遗址新石器时代闪石类玉器研究

对凌家滩遗址出土的闪石类玉器做了矿物成分、结构等方面的研究工作,表明其主要为透闪石玉,为今后考古研究提供了重要依据.     

基于震害资料的西藏地区典型民居易损性分析

我国的地震大多发生在农村地区,当地民居的抗震能力是评估地震灾害风险、确定地震保险方案的主要因素.本文基于近2000年以来西藏地区发生破坏性地震灾害的调查结果,总结了西藏地区土木结构和石木结构等民居的主要震害特点.在实际震例中,西藏民居的震害主要以Ⅵ度和Ⅶ度的数据为主,缺少Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ度的震害数据.本文采用经验震害矩阵推演...     

福建寿山石分布及其特点

寿山石因产自福州寿山而得名,开采历史悠久。寿山石一般分田坑石、水坑石、山坑石,因品种与产出地域不同,矿物成分也存在差异,保养方法也有区别。     

北京石花洞岩溶学研究进展

全面介绍北京石花洞发现与研究的历史、取得的重大成果,以及在岩溶学研究领域所起的作用。石花洞位于北京西山,发现于明朝正统十一年,开发于20世纪80年代。岩溶学研究表明,石花洞洞层多（8层）,石盾多（200多个）,为世界罕见。在全国范围内,首次发现月奶石,首次发现碳酸钙微层理,首次发现膜足硬肢马陆穴居动物。笔者从地质学、气象学和环境学全面研究了石花洞,测绘精度达到1：200,进行了氡浓度研究。从溶蚀形态来看,石花洞8层溶洞展示北京西山的8次隆升;从沉积形态来看,石花洞中的粗犷石笋代表中更新世沉积,杆状石笋代表晚更新世沉积,微层理石笋代表全球转暖以来的全新世沉积,奠定了首次建立第四纪石笋剖面的基础。