岩溶石山区坡地土壤剖面水分与蒸发特征——以桂林丫吉试验场为例

选取桂林丫吉试验场岩溶石山坡面上典型覆盖土壤的两个单元体为对象,对其土壤剖面层含水量的分布变化、土壤蒸发速率大小及其相关影响因素进行分析研究,结果表明:(1)土壤剖面最大含水率层位于土壤底部与基岩的交界处,中间过渡层土壤含水量最少,表层土壤水分受外界因素影响而变化显著;(2)在夏季岩溶石山区地表蒸发强烈,直径10cm的土壤柱日蒸发量为5~12mL之间,夜蒸发量在0~3mL之间;(3)几天内决定地表土壤日蒸发量(y)大小的因素主要是太阳辐射(x2)和土壤温度(x4),其关系式可表示为:y=18.018+0.001x2-0.691x4。      

大辛庄商代石器原料来源和开发战略分析

石器生产是一个动态的生产系统,而石料是石器生产和研究的前提。通过对大辛庄遗址周围考古与地质调查和对出土商代石器标本的细致分析表明,该遗址商代石器原料使用种类丰富,石料的利用率与遗址周围石质类型分布有着极为密切的关系。原料分布广泛,具有高含量、低质量的特点,明显影响着当地石器工业的面貌和开发与利用自然的策略。大辛庄石料应当来源于当地,主要有两种途径:一种是就地取材;另一种主要来源于南部山区和鲍山一带,主要通过水路运输,陆路运输条件具备。在利用与开发石料的战略上,大辛庄人充分认识到石料特性,尤其对沉积岩的认识与利用,重视选材,考虑石器功能和使用方式,并很好地实施到石器制作过程中,制定相应的应对策略。通过对大辛庄商代石料来源地和开发策略的考察,有利于认识当时人地关系和大辛庄人认识自然、开发自然的认知水平。     

锯切力的随机性与锯片磨损

通过对材料的微观硬度分布不均匀性的数学描述 ,建立随机性锯切力模型 ,提出了随机性锯切力计算公式 ,用花岗岩锯切实验验证了公式的合理性。在此基础上总结了锯切参数选择对锯切力及锯片磨损的影响规律。     

山东平邑“金钱石”地质特征及成因浅析

"金钱石"作为观赏石中的珍品,倍受人们的青睐。岩石自然类型为超基性岩(超镁铁质岩),色暗,密度大,富含铁镁矿物。主要矿物成分为橄榄石、辉石,少量角闪石。岩石成因为幔源岩浆沿构造裂隙或古薄弱带扩张充填的产物。其精美的花纹图案与岩浆自身的结晶分异和后期变质作用等有关。     

Testing the application of post IR IRSL dating to Iron- and Viking-age ceramics and heated stones from Denmark

In this study we test, for the first time, the potential of an elevated temperature post-IR IR (pIRIR₂₉₀) SAR protocol for the dating of young heated artefacts. Seven heated stones and seven potshards were collected from three different archaeological sites in Denmark: one site from the early Pre-Roman Iron Age 200 BC to AD 100, and two from the Viking period between AD 800 and 1200.We first derive quartz OSL ages for these samples, to support the archaeological age control. The luminescence characteristics of the pIRIR₂₉₀ signal are then investigated; in particular the dose recovery ratios are shown to be close to unity. The performance of the feldspar pIRIR₂₉₀ protocol is then examined by comparing the pIRIR₂₉₀ ages with those based on the quartz OSL signal; the average ratio of pIRIR₂₉₀ to OSL ages is 1.14 ± 0.05 (n = 14) and there is some suggestion that the possible overestimation of the feldspar ages compared to quartz is only of significance for the heated stone samples. Nevertheless, there is no indication of incomplete heating of the stones; the ratios of D_e derived from the IR₅₀ and pIRIR₂₉₀ signals are independent of sample type, and consistent with complete resetting by heating. Comparison with the archaeological age control is not able to identify whether quartz or feldspar provides the most reliable dating signal.     

顶部加箍碎石桩极限承载力上限分析

针对软土区顶部加箍碎石桩复合地基,根据理论上较为严密的极限分析上限法,通过构建协调的速度场,综合考虑土重和加箍段桩侧摩阻力等因素的影响,基于能量平衡原理推导出了单桩极限承载力递推计算公式。在此基础上,利用随机优化搜索方法搜索出临界滑裂面,从而获得更为合理、严密的顶部加箍碎石桩极限承载力计算方法。最后,结合典型的工程实例进行了对比验证和参数分析,结果表明：计算结果与实测值、既有方法计算值相比相对误差在5.4%范围内,最优顶部加箍深度约为桩体半径的8倍,可为工程实践提供一定的参考。     

再论和氏璧石质问题

通过对和氏璧故事的历史考究以及历代对和氏璧的石质问题的研究整理,并对现代拉长石与和氏璧的物理特性进行了比较研究,得出和氏璧的石质是拉长石的结论。     

脉冲电晕与地闪负先导梯级性机制模式探讨

根据新的观测事实，提出了地闪负先导明亮脉冲可能不是被－慢而弱的流光（引路流光）所此导，而是被一快而短暂的电晕（脉冲电晕）所引导的梯级性流光机制的不同观点。由此出发，对流光间歇时间、梯级长度等重要特征参数进行了新的分析；结合对梯级先导辐射特征脉冲产生机制的进一步分析，提出并论证了明亮脉冲的双向传输，通过一个简单的数值模式对梯级过程进行了计算模式，得到了一些与观测特征基本符合的结果。     

快速夯实法(RIC)在高速公路高填方及台背填土施工中的技术研究

文中阐述了RIC工法及其设备,介绍了RIC工法施工工艺流程及夯击方案,研究了RIC工法在松散填土和填石工程、补强夯实工程及结构物台背填土夯实工程施工中的施工技术参数控制,并综述了RIC工法的施工检测方法。最后对RIC工法在郑少高速公路中的填路堤和桥台背填土压实中的应用情况进行了简单介绍。本文对RIC工法这一新工法的推广应用及指导该工法在高速公路建设施工等方面具有一定的意义。     

Quaternary Volcanic-Related Acid Hydrothermal Alteration in the Ugusu Silica Stone Deposit, Western Izu Peninsula, Central Japan: Geology and Alteration

Acid alteration areas accompanying Quaternary volcanoes are widespread in the western Izu Peninsula, central Japan. The Ugusu alteration area is the largest among them and is mined for “silica stone” at the silica body in the core of the alteration area. Silica zone defined by previous studies is subdivided into highly leached brecciated silica zone and residual silica zone, which extend along a NNW‐SSE–NNE‐SSW direction of fractures/faults. Fe‐rich, alunite, advanced argillic alteration, and intermediate argillic alteration zones occur toward the outside surrounding the two silica zones. The ascent of acid hydrothermal fluid would be responsible for the silica zones and surrounding alteration zones at an earlier stage, while the hydrothermal brecciation and silica veins were caused by a limited supply of silica‐saturated fluids at later stages. Based on the available mineral stability relations and fluid inclusion thermometries, the formation temperatures are estimated to be: >300°C for the residual silica zone; >290°C for the diaspore association in the advanced argillic alteration zone; and <260°C for the kaolinite association in the intermediate argillic alteration zone. The later stage quartz druses have been formed at 200–260°C. The Ugusu–Fukata acid hydrothermal systems were active at 1.5–1.2 Ma, which were temporally related to the Tanaba Andesite volcanism. Hydrothermal system at the Seikoshi gold–silver deposit survived until 0.7 Ma after the volcanism. In the western half of the Izu Peninsula, subduction of the Philippine Sea plate underneath the Suruga Trough caused nearly N–S‐trending maximum horizontal compressive stress (σ_Hmax) and the resultant formation of similarly trending alteration areas and Au‐Ag vein‐type deposits in the Ugusu‐Toi‐Seikoshi area. From a practical viewpoint, at the Ugusu silica stone deposit, the fracture‐controlled vertical morphology of the silica body provides an important guide for exploration. Because the alteration zones occur both in the lower and upper sides of the silica bodies, it is important to make sure to which side the alteration zones correspond.