路南石林喀斯特流域水文特征初探

本文运用水文地貌系统耦合分析的方法,对路南石林喀斯特流域水文特征进行了探讨,对喀斯特完全入渗式流域和完全漏渗式流域的特性进行了初步研究,揭示了侵蚀基面的变化对流域地表地下水系结构的影响,认为石林发育区水文特征有其自身的特点。      

云南石林景区主要乡土植物物候特征的初步研究

为掌握石林景区主要乡土植物物候节律,选择25科35种乡土植物,对其物候特征与同期主要气象因子进行了2 a平行观测。结果表明,在2月气温达到10℃,有46%的植物开始萌动;3月气温持续增高并超过15℃,展叶的植物最多,占57.1%;开花期集中在3~6月,尤其在5月温度超过20℃,有82.9%的树种开花;果实成熟期则分散在4~12月。各个物候期的平均温度和≥5℃积温与植物物候表现较为密切,光照和温度对植物开花和结实期影响较大。根据乡土植物物候特征,结合喀斯特山地自然景观特点和景区适配植物群落建设,提出“石中有树,树中有石”的配置原则,筛选在时空格局上适应喀斯特山地环境的观赏植物,构建出与石林喀斯特景观相协调的植被景观,增加景区景观和生态价值,提升景区的内涵。     

新疆博乐市桑金布拉克饰面石材花岗岩矿地质特征

文章阐述了新疆博乐市桑金布拉克饰面石材花岗岩矿的主要矿体形态、产状、规模和矿石的类型、品种及物理性能、放射性、荒料率、加工技术性能等质量特征,以及工作区水、工、环地质勘查,矿床开采技术条件;估算了花岗岩矿石资源/储量.     

保宁府阆中地震考

以文献资料、实地考察和调查,考证了1846年(清道光二十六年)保宁府(治阆中)地震和1923年日本关东大地震影响到阆中等有关地震史料的形成过程和讹误记述,分析和论证了这些地震史料的真实性和科学性。认为有关历史文献记载1846年保宁府(阆中)地震实为1850年(清道光三十年)宁远府(治西昌)地震;有关地震石刻和地方志记载1923年日本关东大地震影响到阆中实为1920年宁夏海原大地震对阆中的波及和影响。匡正了错误的记述,恢复了地震史料的原貌。     

广西岩溶石漠化变化规律及强弱程度遥感分析

利用美国Landsat-5TM7、TM5、TM3波段假彩色合成图像,对广西岩溶石漠化分布特征和形成条件进行遥感综合分析.结合石漠化发育严重的平果和大化县,用不同时相的TM图像进行对比,查明岩溶石漠化的萎缩原因.在总结石漠化变化规律的基础上,对石漠化强弱程度的划分进行了探讨.     

论冰碛石的形态特征及其与泥石流石的区别

长期以来流行的球度和圆度概念不足以刻画冰碛石及其他成因砾石的细微特征,需要在其基础上进一步挖掘有判别价值的标志性特征。针对冰碛石与泥石流石辨识的疑难问题,提出外接圆特征、粗糙度特征、圆度-体积特征以及混杂堆积砾石形态构成特征等几个概念。通过这些特征研究,结合真实的冰川擦痕、颤痕等标志,可更加准确地进行冰川沉积物与其他成因沉积物的判定。     

Experiment for Determination of Dry-Laid Stone Armour Layer Thickness of Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Through hydraulic model experiment and site investigation, this paper has derived a calculation formula of dry-laid stone armour layer thickness of rubble mound breakwaters for fishery harbours. The influences of the friction force between stone blocks and the variations of wave length or period and water depth are considered in the formula. The calculated results of several existing structures are in good agreement with field data. This formula is more practical than those ever published both at home and abroad, and has been adoptted by the technical standards of aquatic projects published by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. It is applicable for the calculation of dry-laid stone armour layer of breakwater for small- or medium-size harbours.     

流动注射-二苯硫脲纤维素在线富集-火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量金

本研究采用自行合成的二苯硫脲纤维素作为在线富集介质,流动注射与原子吸收法联用快速测定地质样品中痕量金。在本法选定条件下,测定速度为３０样／ｈ,测定灵敏度为０．３１μｇ／ｍｌ（１％吸收）,ＲＳＤ为２．５９％。     

Alignment of stone‐pavement clasts by unconcentrated overland flow – implications of numerical and physical modelling

The crucial role of stone pavements in arid environments for aeolian or alluvial processes and as numerical dating tools is increasingly acknowledged. This role is based on the assumption that stone pavements are stable landforms, formed gradually over time and predominantly by vertical processes. However, this is challenged by evidence of stone‐pavement clast reworking or burial. Bimodal, mostly slope aspect‐symmetrical clast orientation is a frequent phenomenon in various study areas. It implies that stone pavements may be influenced by unidirectional lateral processes besides vertical ones. Here, the finding of lateral processes contributing to stone‐pavement evolution is supported by numerical modelling and physical experiments. These unequivocally show that unconcentrated overland flow can transport clasts to form a closely packed stone mosaic with characteristics similar to those of natural stone pavements. The commonly observed length‐axes orientation angle of 40 ± 14° for natural stone‐pavement clasts is consistently reproduced by angle‐dependent force equilibrium. Monte Carlo runs confirm the natural scatter and allow characterization of the control parameters of clast orientation. The model explains up to 70% of the natural variance. It is further validated by flume experiments, which confirm model predictions of single object orientation angles. Experiments with multiple objects yield artificial stone pavements with properties similar to those found in the field. The unidirectional lateral process acting on natural stone pavements requires the presence of a vesicular horizon. This underlines the tight genetic coupling of this common epipedon feature and the clast cover. The presented findings highlight the role of stone pavements as process and environment proxies. However, stone pavements represent information since the last surface disturbance only. This has to be considered when using them as age indicators. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四川乐山大佛风化的初步探讨

四川乐山大佛石刻是我国重要的“世界文化与自然遗产”之一,石刻表面毁损非常严重。本文通过（1）检测石刻所在地区粉砂岩的样品成分（XRFS）获悉,SiO₂含量高达84%;（2）安装微侵蚀测量装置（MEM）直接测得粉砂岩的表面侵蚀速率大约为0.216～0.305mm/a;结合（3）粉砂岩表面的相对硬度测试比较等途径,对石刻毁损的表面过程机制进行了初步的综合分析。结果表明,由于粉砂岩结构松散,经水浸后表面硬度急剧下降,而且当地的水、气等条件适宜于生物繁衍等特点,石刻风化毁损的原因主要在于水、生物等环境因素对粉砂岩胶结物有强烈的破坏作用。